4 BULLETIN 589, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
When animals are transported in ;i palace ? ' or similar stock cars 
or with emigrant outfits, or in specially equipped cars conveying* 
show animals and blooded stock in which they can and do have proper 
feed, water, space, and opportunity to rest, the provisions in regard 
to their being unloaded do not apply. However, in cases where ani- 
mals are fed in the cars care should be exercised to distribute properly 
through each car sufficient feed for each animal, so that none will be 
deprived of the opportunity to get its share. 
In the watering of the animals the water in all cases should be 
clean. As a general rule, live stock will not drink dirty or polluted 
water. Where the watering is done in the cars it is necessary that 
the troughs be thoroughly cleaned out before the water is turned into 
them, and each animal should be allowed to drink its fill. While 
the watering of live stock in the cars has been found to be rather un- 
satisfactory, if the watering is to be done in this manner the troughs 
should be large and deep enough so that the water will not run out, 
and they should be so constructed as to be readily placed in opera- 
tion and yet so arranged that the animals can not tilt them over. 
They should also be so placed in the cars that all the animals can get 
to them. It is not a compliance with the law to water the animals 
on one side of the car, while those on the other side receive no water 
whatever, or an insufficient quantity. 
SUFFICIENT REST. 
It is permitted by the law to transport animals without unloading, 
provided they are carried in cars in which they can and do have 
proper feed and water and in which sufficient space is provided for 
all the animals to lie down at the same time. If all of these condi- 
tions are not met, the law requires that the animals be unloaded at 
the expiration of a period of 28 hours, or, if a request has been signed 
by the owner or person in custody of the live stock, at the expiration 
of a period of 36 hours. Eailroad regulations establish a minimum 
weight of carload lots for various kinds of animals. In order that 
a shipper may benefit by this, it often is necessary for him to overload 
the car as regards space, especially in the case of long-wooled sheep, 
canner cows, feeder cattle, and mixed lots of animals. In such cases 
it will readily be seen that the stock do not and can not have suffi- 
cient space for all to lie down at one time. Under such conditions 
it is a very common occurrence to find one or more animals either 
crippled or trampled to death on account of being unable to rise after 
having lain down to rest. 
When unloaded, it is required that the animals have at least 5 
consecutive hours of rest. The conditions must be such that animals 
can rest properly. It is obvious that when animals are placed in 
yards filled with mud, water, snow, or slush, or which are not pro- 
