6 BULLETIN 1276, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Many of the original introduced lots of hard red winter wheat are 
identical in all characters, but a few original varieties and some of the 
selected strains differ slightly in physiological or morphological char- 
acters. The principal variety, Turkey, has been introduced and dis- 
tributed under many names. The most authentic history of the 
introduction of Turkey wheat traces to the immigration of German 
Mennonites from Russia to Kansas in 1873. These settlers brought 
small quantities of Turkey wheat for seed. Other lots of this wheat 
were introduced about this time and later into Nebraska, Kansas, and 
other States. The United States Department of Agriculture intro- 
duced large quantities of Crimean, Kharkof, and Turkey wheat about 
1900. Experiment stations and farmers have increased and distrib- 
uted selections of these wheats. The original introductions, locally 
adapted strains or selections of these, and hybrids between Turkey 
and other varieties now make up the list of hard red winter wheats 
considered here. 
Of the soft red winter wheats grown in these experiments one 
variety, Buffum No. 17, was selected from Turkey wheat and appar- 
ently is a natural field hybrid. Three other varieties, Minhardi, 
Nebraska No. 28, and Triplet, are the result of artificial hybridization 
between Turkey and soft red winter varieties. One variety of white 
wheat, Winter Bluestem, is the result of a hybrid between Turkey 
and Pacific Bluestem. ‘The remaining varieties of soft red winter 
wheat, white wheat, and club wheat are grown in comparison with 
the hard red winter varieties in order to compare their local adapta- 
tions. 
TABLE 2.—Altitude, normal or average precipitation, and soil type at 11 stations 
in the northern half of the Great Plains area and 4 stations in the Great Basin 
area 
Precipitation 
Location of station Altitude Normal | Length Type of soil 
or of 
average | record 
Great Plains area: Feet Inches Years 
Amarillo, MRexs2"= e225 3, 676 20. 81 28 | Chocolate clay loam. 
IER Ey Se CANIS Sere rae 2, 000 22. 96 50 | Silty clay loam. 
krone © olgee tee == =e 4, 560 18. 79 18 | Sandy loam. 
AT CHel AW, VOL ss eee 6, 027 13. 99 150 | Medium sandy loam with some gravel. 
Sheridan, Wyo. -2=.--2" 3, 800 14. 72 23 | Dark clay loam. 
Newell, S. Dak_______--- 2, 900 14, 31 12 | Clay (gumbo) with shale subsoil. 
Highmore, 8S. Dak______- 1, 890 16. 75 26 | Glacial clay loam. 
Dickinson, N. Dak_-_-_--- 2, 453 15. 29 31 | Fine sandy loam to clay loam. 
Williston, N. Dak__-___- 1, 875 15. 07 40 | Fine sandy loam. 
Moccasin, Mont-_-_---_-_- 4, 228 16. 51 225 | Dark clay loam, gravelly subsoil. 
Great Basin area: 
INe@phiy Utah aser 22 ed 6, 000 13; 27 22 | Clay loam. 
Aberdeen, Idaho__-__--_- 4, 400 9. 33 11 | Sandy clay loam. 
IBirns; Ores. 22.2 2-2 4, 100 7.49 6 | Silt loam to fine sandy loam. 
MMiord, Oreg. 22. sce 8 1, 800 11. 46 18 | Silt loam. 
binds Wiashs,--. 5 = 22 1, 630 7. 56 4 | Fine sandy silt-loam. 
1 Observations made at Cheyenne, Wyo., during part of the period. 
2 Observations made at Utica, Mont., during part of the period. 
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