20 BULLETIN 1477 r U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
SANTA ROSA 
Tree makes a very vigorous, rapid upright growth and branches freely, pro- 
ducing many spurs and twigs (pi. 11, A). 
The new shoots become very long but are comparatively slender. They 
are numerous on trees which have been heavily headed back and often pro- 
duce a number of upright branches during their first season's growth. If 
the new shoots and their branches are numerous, they cause a dense shade 
and a loss of fruiting wood in the center of the tree. In compact trees which 
have been headed back most of the large shoots start from the ends of cut- 
back branches, as the growing vigor of headed-back trees of this variety is 
very largely centered in the cut-back tops. Trees which have been kept open 
and headed back only lightly, if at all, produce many shoots along the frame- 
work branches. If trees are not pruned or if other conditions prevent a vigorous 
growth, the new branches are more inclined to spring from the old wood rather 
than from the new. On vigorous trees which are kept open by pruning, slender 
twigs and branches ranging from a few inches to 2 feet or more in length 
grow from the old wood of old as well as new branches and from terminal 
buds of spurs on both large branches and twigs. Most of these twigs, including 
the larger ones, grow from the wood of the larger branch itself rather than 
from the terminals of spurs, thus indicating a lower vegetative vigor of the 
spurs than of the branch on which they grow. 
Spurs form thickly along the 1-year-old wood, leaving but few barren nodes 
except very near the base of large branches and sometimes along a consider- 
able portion of the most slender ones in shaded interior parts of trees (pi. 11, 
B). They are slender and branch but little except in well-open trees, live 
for many years if given light, and remain vigorous and productive (pi. 11, C). 
When shaded they become frail and soon die, leaving the branch barren. 
Spurs of the Santa Rosa are probably more quickly injured by shade than those 
of other commonly grown Japanese varieties and are also less inclined to grow 
to twigs (pi. 12, A and B). Where the trees are kept open and vigorous, short 
twigs instead of spurs form on the new branches. These twigs produce several 
spurs and provide desirable fruiting wood (pi. 12, C). 
Fruit is borne on growing spurs throughout the tree and at nodes of 1-year 
wood where spurs are forming and some at the leafless nodes at the base 
of 1-year branches and along slender twigs (pi. 11, B). Very little fruit is 
found on large 1-year-old shoots, but the shorter shoots and larger twigs are 
very fruitful. Although fruit is produced throughout the tree, the more 
compact trees bear the greater part of the crop on 1, 2. and 3 year wood, be- 
cause of better light and therefore more vigorous spurs on this part of the tree. 
SATSUMA 
Tree upright spreading, vigorous, open ; produces numerous spurs and twigs, 
although but few larger fruiting branches. Strong vegetative vigor is main- 
tained throughout the tree. 
Long, vigorous shoots grow from the stubs of cut-back branches and occa- 
sionally from the older part of the treer A smaller number grow as a result 
of heading back than is usual with most Japanese sorts, and fewer grow from 
the older part of the tree. They rarely branch their first season but produce 
numerous spurs and spurlike twigs the second summer. On the more thrifty 
ones the twigs are numerous. They grow at right angles to the shoot and 
become several inches in length and produce thrifty spurs. Like other twigs 
of the Satsuma they are slender but very strong and long lived (pi. 13, A). 
The spurs are slender but not easily broken, and those on both the twigs and 
large branches remain productive for many years. Broken spurs and twigs 
are often replaced by new ones even on the old wood, as are those killed by 
shade or excessive crops when there is a change in condition which favors their 
growth. Owing to the persistence of spurs and twigs and this continuous 
replacement, this variety is one of the best in respect to production and mainte- 
nance of fruiting wood (pi. 13, B and C). 
The fruit is borne mostly on leafy spurs and at nodes of the 1-year twigs 
where spurs are forming. In decidedly shaded portions of the tree, particularly 
those which have been regularly and severely headed back, leafless spurs bear 
and die after the fruit ripens. 
