12 BULLETIN 1005, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGETCULTURE. 
The gray or mottled coloration of the Other types indicates that 
natural drainage conditions have been more or less imperfect and this 
has resulted in incomplete aeration and oxidation. 
In the Churchland area these variations in natural drainage 
conditions have been modified in some degree by the installation of 
tile drains, but the natural conditions of drainage have not become 
completely changed. (See PI. Ill, figs. 1 and 2.) 
The distribution of the different soil types in the Churchland area 
is also significant of the same facts with regard to drainage. The 
Sassafras and Norfolk fine sandy loams occupy the marginal positions, 
where drainage is effected directly by seepage to the steeper marginal 
slopes and by run-off through the deeper streamways. The Keyport 
and Suffolk fine sandy loams occupy interior positions, where the 
drainage of water away from the subsoil is not so complete and where 
the minor streams are not so deeply cut nor effective. The Ports- 
mouth loam is found along streams or at stream heads. 
These major facts of drainage illustrate upon a small scale and 
for limited areas the general conditions throughout the Norfolk dis- 
trict. The best drained lands are generally found nearest the tide- 
water channels and at the crests of the more elevated ridges. Posi- 
tions remote from these channels and especially areas which lie on 
the almost level uplands between the major streamways are' less 
well drained. 
USES OF SOILS. 
In order that the details of soil occupation might be determined, 
the completed soil and crop maps of each detailed survey were meas- 
ured and the acreage of each form of occupation was computed for 
each soil type. 
Since the production of truck crops continues throughout the year 
in both the Churchland and Diamond Springs areas and since sig- 
nificant methods of cropping are different at different seasons in the 
Onley area, Eastern Shore district, crop maps were made at two 
seasons for each of the three Virginia areas. 
In the case of the Churchland area the figures shoA\Ti for the June 
crop map represent the cropping conditions when the marketing of 
truck crops is at its height. Some areas of crops, marketed in the 
early spring, are not showm. The figures given for the iVugust map 
represent the summer and early fall crop areas of the Churchland 
area. 
Tables II and III show the proportion of total area and of the area 
of each soil type occupied by the various crops and groups of crops 
in June and in August, 1916. 
