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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1305 
Washington, D. C. 
November, 1924 
UTILIZATION OF ALMONDS FOR VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS 
By A. F. Sievers and Frank Rabak, Chemical Biologists, Office of Drug, 
Poisonous, and Oil Plant Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Introduction 1 
Salted almonds 2 
Almond butter 3 
Almond confection 4 
Almond paste 5 
Almond powder 10 
Tests of the keeping qualities of almond ker- 
nels, almond paste, and almond powder ... 
Partial cost estimates of almond products 
Description of factory equipment required 
and methods of preparing almond products. 
Summary 
Page 
11 
13 
18 
21 
INTRODUCTION 
The production of almonds in the United States has increased 
materially during recent years, and a further increase is indicated in 
the immediate future. The domestic crop is at present consumed 
largely in the unshelled-nut trade, while the large quantity of nuts 
required for the manufacture of such products as almond bars and 
almond paste is supplied principally from European sources. Certain 
varieties of almonds, because of their appearance and the difficulty 
with which they are shelled, are not so satisfactory as others for the 
unshelled-nut market, and their elimination from that market would 
tend toward the standardization of the nuts. While the work de- 
scribed in this bulletin was undertaken primarily to find a means of 
utilizing such varieties in the manufacture of various food products, 
some of which are not at present known to the trade, it should be 
stated that all varieties of edible almonds, whether domestic or foreign 
grown, may be used for the preparation of such products. The 
general plan by which these products are derived from the kernels 
is shown in Figure 1. 
In the following pages the several products are considered under 
separate headings in regard to their composition, keeping qualities, 
and general characteristics, and the last section deals with methods 
for their manufacture and the general operation of a factory for their 
production. 
5064—241 1 
