14 
BULLETIN 1305, U. S. DEPAETMEX1 OF AGRICULTURE 
indicate the quantity of nuts required for a unit pack of the indi- 
vidual products, and from this can be determined readily at any time 
the approximate cost of the materials for each product on the basis 
of the prevailing price of the raw material. 
It is generally estimated that 100 pounds of almonds in the shell 
yield about 33 pounds of kernels. Blanching generally entails a loss 
of about 10 per cent; hence, it may be assumed that 33^ pounds of 
unshelled nuts will be required to supply 1 pound of blanched kernels. 
From this it follows that the cost of 1 pound of blanched kernels, not 
including the cost of shelling and blanching, is approximately 3H 
times the cost of 1 pound of unshelled nuts. 
The salted almonds and almond butter consist almost entirely of 
almond kernels so far as weight is concerned, since only very small 
quantities of other ingredients are added. Consequently, the 
capacity of the finished package represents very nearly the quantity 
of raw material required. Tne other almond products contain a 
considerable percentage of sugar and therefore require less of the 
kernels per unit package. 
The quantities of the various ingredients required for the several 
products are shown in Table 5. 
Table 5. — Quantities of the various ingredients required for 100 pounds of the 
several almond products 
Material required for 100 pounds 
product 
of the 
finished 
Product 
Ingredients other than flavoring (pounds) 
Oil of 
bitter 
almonds 
(ounces) 1 
Blanched 
kernels 
Unshelled 
nuts 
Sugar 
Salt 
98 
98 
39.7 
55.9 
35.34 
326.6 
326.6 
132.3 
186.3 
117.8 
2 
2 
1.0 
1. 1 
45.7 i 
34.3 __. 
1.1 
Almond powder 
64.66 ... 
3.5 
1 The small quantity of oil required is in addition to the 100 pounds of other ingredients. 
2 The remainder of the 100 pounds is obtained by the addition of water or fixed oil of almonds. 
3 The remainder of the 100 pounds is obtained by the addition of water. 
From Table 5 the cost of the raw material required for the several 
products may be readily estimated if the unit cost of the various 
ingredients is known. In estimating the quantity of nuts allowance 
is made for the average loss incident to shelling and blanching, but 
no allowance is made for any grading of the blanched kernels that 
may be necessary in the preparation of salted almonds, for which 
only whole uniform kernels are used. There will be no actual loss, 
however, due to any sorting or grading, since the off sizes and chips 
can be utilized in the manufacture of other products. 
CONTAINERS AND PACKAGES 
In estimating the cost of the packages and containers it has been 
assumed that the salted almonds and almond butter will be packed 
in vacuum-sealed glass jars of three sizes, the confection and paste 
in 5-pound tin cans, and the powder in 1-pound paper cartons or 
