APPENDIX A. 
NOMENCLATURE. 
Loblolly pine is known by a number of different names in different sections of the 
country, and frequently even in the same locality, according as it occurs as old growth 
or second growth, or in the forest or on old fields. The name "loblolly" originated 
in the Gulf States and was applied to a thicket swamp in which this pine is common. 
Below is given a list of common and local names by which the tree is known in Dela- 
ware, Maryland, and Virginia, many of which are also often applied to other species 
of pines. 
Longleaf, longstraw, or longtag pine, applied where associated with shortleaf, 
pitch, or scrub pines. 
Shortleaf, shortstraw, or shorttag pine, applied where associated with the real 
longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) . 
Swamp pine, slash pine, yellow pine, usually applied to old growth. 
Rosemary pine, applied to good quality old growth. 
Oldfiekl pine, where it occurs on old fields. 
Black or black-bark pine, sap pine, bastard pine, applied to second growth. 
Foxtail pine, in Maryland, common on the "western shore." 
Indian pine, Virginia pine, North Carolina pine, in Virginia. 
Delaware pine, in Delaware. 
Maryland pine, in Maryland. 
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE. 
Loblolly pine is one of 13 species of yellow pine native to the eastern United 
States. The woods of these species are very similar, with no characteristics which 
can be invariably relied on for distinguishing them, yet the trees themselves have 
certain distinct botanical characteristics by which they can always be identified. 
Loblolly pine can readily be distinguished by its foliage and cones; it has a slightly 
glaucous foliage with three needles, from 4 to 8 inches long, occurring in a close, 
elongated sheath; the needles are slender, stiff, rigidly pointed, channeled, strongly 
keeled on the upper side, slightly twisted, and pale green in color; the cones are from 
3 to 5 inches long, oblongovate to ovate and broadly conical in shape, occurring on the 
stem singly or in twos and threes, and nearly sessile; the cones have hard, woody 
scales with strong recurved prickles on the ends. 
The salient characteristics of other pine associated with loblolly in the region which 
serve to readily distinguish them from it are as follows: Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) 
has straight needles (three in a sheath) 1J to 4 inches long, and cones 1 to 2^ inches 
in length. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) has needles more decidedly and uniformly 
twisted than those of loblolly, occurring three in a sheath, from 3 to 5 inches in length, 
while its cones are shorter, being more than 1 to 3 inches long, and uniformly ovate- 
conical or broadly conical in shape. Pitch pine is also apt to have bunches of needles 
sprouting from the clear bole of the tree, which loblolly never has. Scrub pine 
(Pinus virginiana) can be easily distinguished from loblolly by the fact that its needles 
occur in twos instead of threes; they have a decided twist and are from 1 to 2\ inches 
in length, broad and decidedly sessile on the stems. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) 
can never be confused with loblolly pine, on account of its extremely long needles, 
from 8 to 18 inches in length, while its cones are from 6 to 10 inches long. 
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