forest Management of loblolly pine. 41 
SUMMARY OF TREATMENT FOR TYPICAL STANDS. 
The following is a summary of treatment to be recommended for 
typical existing stands in which loblolly pine occurs, the object being 
to favor the species and usually to make it or to maintain it as the 
predominating tree. 
Loblolly on Moist to Wet Soils. Including Flats, Bottoms, and Swamps. 
(1) Mature stands of hardwoods with a slight admixture of loblolly 
pine. — The object here should be to remove the old stand in such a 
way as to secure as much natural reproduction as possible of loblolly. 
The scattered seed tree method (as described on p. — ) will be the 
simplest one to use, clean cutting all the hardwoods and leaving from 
four to six loblolly seed trees per acre well distributed over the area. 
Disturbance of the forest floor in logging will assist reproduction of 
pine. The use of fire to improve seed-bed conditions is also bene- 
ficial, but not entirely necessary. Surface burning should be carried 
on before the seed-fall of loblolly pine, which means any time before 
the first of November. Fires after seed-fall should be confined to 
piles of brush made in logging. Where the pine is not seeding at the 
time of the cutting, it will probably be better to remove the hard- 
woods in two cuttings, the first one opening up around the loblolly 
trees so as to cause them to produce abundant seed two years or so 
later, and a second cutting during a good pine seed year, or after the 
pine reproduction has taken place. The first cutting should leave 
enough hardwoods to keep the ground uniformly shaded, in order to 
prevent a luxuriance of hardwood undergrowth from springing up. 
(2) Culled-over to severely cut-over mixed hardwoods and fine, the 
former predominating. — In these stands most of the mature pine has 
been removed, but there is often a considerable number of small 
pine poles and a good amount of pine reproduction, which should be 
favored by making general improvement and disengagement cuttings. 
All mature hardwoods should be cut out; all trees of undesirable 
species-, such as red maple, mature and immature, should be cleaned 
out, especially where suppressing pine; sapling and small pole hard- 
woods of good form and desirable species should be left wherever 
not interfering with pine; loblolly pine should be planted or sowed 
in vacant spots. 
(3) Pure stands of merchantable loblolly pine on old fields or in small 
groups in original forests. — Cut, using the scattered seed-tree method, 
or else the method of successive thinnings (see pp. 30 and 31). 
(4) Pure stands of immature loblolly pine. — Should be thinned as 
recommended on pages 38 to 40. 
(5) Mixed immature stands of pine and hardwoods. — Should be 
thinned as recommended on page 40. 
