* 
PRODUCTION OF MILK OF LOW BACTERIAL CONTENT. 98 
TABLE 7.—Bacteria per cubic centimeter in dual samples of fresh milk pro= 
duced under conditions described in Hxperiment No. 6. 
Sample} Open | Small-top ; Sample} Open | Smail-top 
Date. No. pail. pail. Date. No. pail. pail. 
1916. 1916. 
May 8, a. M22... ..2: 1 | 149, 000 55, 000) Maye 22 ps mi. 25.22. 20 | 168,000] 125,000 
May-Gop) mis. 21 53,000 1222008 ll Miay323 are sansa 21 | 202,000] 230,000 
May ad0; a. mic. 22.2. 3 | 22,500 18;100)||; May.23: poms...) 22 | 279,000} 201, 000 
Ney ipatn sean 2. 4| 39,000 19,500 || May 24,a.m.......... 23 | 332,000] 265,000 
WES a 00 eae 5 6, 800 12° 400"||) May 24° po mo) 2.22: 24 | 227,000 148, 000 
Mey Ios pemece er. 6 | 36,300 6:100'|| May 25. a.m... 215 25 | 215,000} 168,000 
Meaval3saeme es os 6) 7 | 108, 000 71,000 || May 25, p.m..-....... 26 | 198, 000 86, 000 
Maal). meen 8} 48,000 40,000 || May 26,a.m.......... 27 | 209, 000 157, 000 
Mery intae meee 2): 9| 82,000] 193,000 || May 26, p.m.......... 28 | 181, 000 78, 000 
Memmi 15: 0: mae iat. 10 | 34,000 56,000 || May 27,@.m.......... 29 | 176,000} 186,000 
Maylo.ds mis to.) 11 | 115,000 | 169,000 || May 27, p.m.......... 30 | 196, 000 93, 000 
May 16, p. m.......... 12 | 126, 000 166,000 |} May 29,a.m-.......... 31 | 256, 000 128, 000 
Maye 8 Meo) 13 | 207,000 | 210,000 || May 29, p. m.......... 32 | 240,000] 312,000 
Mest ices. e se 14 | 151, 000 42,000_|| May 30,@.m.......... 33 | 338,000] 161, 000 
May AS asm: 222205. - 15 | 154, 000 68,000 |) May 30, p.m.......... 34 | 191, 000 94, 000 
May iS spotie cea i 5.2 16 | 99,000 74,000 || May 31,a.m_......... 35 | 99, 000 74, 000 
May dos acme 17 | 167, 000 94/000))||, Mayo) p.m1 72) 36 | 94,000 63, 000 
May 21,.p: Was -c22.05.. 18 | 126, 000 87, 600 
Miaya22 a me sien 19 | 216,000 159, 000 WASV.CTA LG Seer naaeul ie heen 153, 905 114, 497 
In all the experiments the utensils were probably washed more 
earefully than on the average farm, and to show how many bacteria 
may be introduced into milk under dirty conditions when utensils 
are not washed until just before milking, figures from another series 
of experiments may be of interest. In the latter experiments milk 
produced with the use of the small-top pails showed an. average 
count of 1,309,000 compared with 2,015,000 bacteria per cubic centi- 
meter in open pails. While in this experiment utensils were han- 
dled in an extremely careless manner, the results show that a large 
number of bacteria may be introduced from unsterilized utensils. 
While the average count from the open pail was higher than from 
the small-top pail, the value of the latter can not be accurately deter- 
mined from the results, because the utensils were not sterilized. In 
a general way, however, the small-top pail has some value even under 
the conditions described. 
The results obtained in Experiment No. 6 confirm those obtained 
in our first experiment and indicate that the greatest contamination 
of milk comes from the use of unsterilized utensils. 
EXPERIMENT NO. 7. (COWS AND FLOOR CLEAN, MANURE REMOVED DAILY, 
UDDERS AND TEATS OF COWS WASHED, UTENSILS STERILIZED.) 
Experiment No. 7 was conducted under the same conditions as 
Experiment No. 4 except that the cows were not bedded. The gen- 
eral condition of the barn during the experiment is illustrated in 
figure 14 and that of the cows in figure 15. The floor of the stable 
was kept comparatively clean, the manure was removed daily, the 
utensils were sterilized, and at each milking the cows were cleaned 
and udders and teats were wiped with a damp cloth. Only a few 
samples of milk were taken during this experiment, which continued 
