8 BULLETIN 642, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
At each milking a sample was taken from the open pail and one 
from the small-top pail. In this connection it must be understood 
that the sample came from a can, but that the open or small-top pail 
was used in the milking. 
Table 1 shows the bacterial analyses of 32 samples of milk. The 
numbers represent milkings, both in the table and throughout the 
bulletin. It will be seen from the table that the first count of milk 
from the open pail was 14,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter. As the 
manure accumulated on the floor during the first week and the cows 
became more dirty the bacterial content of the milk increased. The 
Fig. 4.—Condition of one of the cows during Experiment No. 1. 
highest count obtained with the open pail was 1,200,000 and with 
the small-top pail 750,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter. Through- 
out the experiment the counts from the open pail were higher than 
the corresponding counts from the small-top pail. The difference is 
represented fairly well by the average count of the 32 samples from 
the open pail, which was 497,653 bacteria per cubic centimeter, as 
compared with 368,214 for the small-top pail. | 
It must be remembered, however, that the actual value of the small- 
top pail can not be determined accurately from these results for the 
reason that the utensils were not sterilized, which brings in an un- 
known factor, since the number of bacteria introduced into the milk 
from the unsterilized utensils is variable. The figures show that the 
use of the small-top pail was of some value, even when none of the 
utensils were sterilized. 
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