MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON. 
11 
DIRECT DYES. 
Method of application. — Dyed in a bath containing 0.1 per cent 
benzo rhoduline red B, 5 per cent of salt, 0.5 per cent soluble oil. 
Volume of dye bath equals 25 times the weight of the goods. The 
goods were entered into the dye bath cold and temperature raised to 
a boil in 30 minutes, boiled 15 minutes, and allowed to cool in the 
bath 15 minutes. To obtain the light blue the goods were dyed in 
the same manner, except 0.1 per cent benzo fast blue BN was used 
instead of the benzo rhoduline red B. 
BASIC DYES. 
Method of application. — Mordanted in a solution containing 0.015 
of a. gram of tannic acid in each 100 cc. The goods were entered 
into the dye bath cold and temperature raised to 190° in 45 minutes, 
then allowed to cool overnight, rinsed and treated cold for 15 min- 
utes in a bath containing 0.01 of a gram of tartar emetic. 
The pinks were dyed in a bath containing 0.05 per cent of rhoduline 
red B, 0.5 per cent of acetic acid, cold 30 minutes, then raised to 140° 
during 30 minutes. The blue's were dyed as the pinks, except that 
0.05 per cent of methylene blue BB was used. 
No practical difference was seen between the whites obtained on 
samples 1 and la or on 2 and 2a, respectively, where the same bleach- 
ing agent was used. Nor could it be seen that the fumigation had 
made the cotton either more easy to dye or more difficult to dye with 
direct or basic dyes. 
MERCERIZING OF YARNS. 
Samples of yarn made of each of the above four cottons, namely, 
1, la, 2, and 2a, were mercerized by commercial methods at one of 
the mills in New Bedford, Mass., and these samples were subsequently 
tested for their tensile strength and degree of mercerization. In 
Table VIII the results of the average number of the yarn and tensile 
strengths, 1 ascertained before and after mercerization, are shown. 
Table VIII. — Tensile-strength tests of natural gray and mercerized yarns. 
S 
atural fray. 
Mercerized 
Sample. 
No. of 
yarn. 
Strength 
in 
pounds 
per skein 
of 60 
yards. 
Strength 
in 
ounces 
per 
single 
thread. 
No. of 
yarn. 
Strength 
in 
pounds 
per skein 
of 60 
yards. 
Str ength 
in 
ounces 
per 
single 
thread. 
1 
20.84 
20.84 
.30.5 
30. 5 
58.6 
59.9 
56.0 
56.5 
13.8 
13.9 
15.0 
15. 3 
22.0 
22.0 
30.7 
30.7 
70.0 
71.2 
66.0 
68.1 
20.2 
la. 
21.0 
2 
19.9 
2a 
20.2 
1 See footnote, p. C. 
