GKANULAR VENEREAL DISEASE AND ABORTION IN CATTLE. 49 
1. First pregnancy. Bred May 5, 1911. Inoculated July 6, 1911 (10 c. c. in the 
jugular vein). Killed January 3, 1912. Uterine seal intact. Maternal and fetal 
membranes clean and normal. Abortion organism not found. 
2. First pregnancy. Bred April 20, 1911. Inoculated July 6, 1911 (10 c. c. in the 
jugular vein). Killed November 14 ; 1911. Over the placenta from the internal os 
anteriorly for a distance of 10 inches there was a yellowish-white, nonodorous, pasty 
substance that adhered closely to the placental membrane. This substance was also 
found in thick rings immediately surrounding the cotyledons. The cotyledons were 
scarlet. Abortion organism found. 
3. First pregnancy. Bred April 14, 1911. Inoculated July 6, 1911 (10 c. c. in the 
jugular vein). Killed October 25, 1911. All fetal and maternal structures appeared 
clean and normal. Abortion organism not found. 
4. Second pregnancy. Inoculated January 30, 1911 (20 c. c. in the jugular vein). 
Killed August 10, 192 days after inoculation. Uterine seal intact; chorion, uterus, 
fetal membranes, and fetus normal; chorionic cavity empty. No abortion bacilli 
recognized microscopically or culturally. 
5. Second pregnancy. Inoculated July 6, 1911 (7 c. c. in the jugular vein). Died 
August 2, 1911, of generalized tuberculosis. Fetus 5 inches in length. All fetal and 
genital structures appeared clean and normal. 
6. Second pregnancy. Bred April 1, 1911. Inoculated July 6, 1911 (10 c. c. in 
the jugular vein). Killed November 6, 1911. All fetal and genital structures clean 
and healthy. Abortion organism not found. 
It seemed that in these experiments strong evidence was brought 
forth to indicate that a very cursory, intermittent washing of the 
vagina of the heifer, guarding the cervical canal against invasion, 
and of the sheath of the bull prior to breeding exerted a very marked 
influence upon the question of abortion. The heifers occupied the 
same field where five adult cows aborted, and had every opportunity 
to take the infection into the alimentary tract. 
These and other observations compel us to believe also that if, 
prior to breeding, the granular venereal disease be reduced to a 
minimum by repeated disinfection, and the cow is then bred to a 
clean bull, abortion is not probable, even with intravenous inoculation 
with abortion bacilli and with ample opportunity for natural infection 
by the alimentary tract or otherwise. 
The amount of the abortion exudate in the uterus varies widely, 
from the mass 1 inch across at the internal os as recorded in one 
case by McFadyean and Stockman, to the complete invasion of the 
utero-chorionic cavity, but apparently abortion follows only in very 
extensive or complete invasion. 
THE CONTROL OF CONTAGIOUS ABORTION. 
If we accept the belief championed especially by McFadyean and 
Stockman, that the organisms may invade the uterus at any epoch 
of pregnancy or before conception, that the chief avenue of infection 
is the alimentary canal ; that as shown by the agglutination and com- 
plement-fixation tests, the infection is in well nigh every herd; 
