10 BULLETIN 734, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
are described as in use by the Department of Agriculture under the 
United States Grain Standards Act, or it may be estimated by means 
of the so-called wild-oat kicker. 
Experiments were made to remove nematcde galls as separable 
foreign material (dockage) in the grain-standardization laboratory 
of the Bureau of Markets by both methods. Using the oat-kicking 
machine, only about one-eighth of the total percentage of the galls 
were renioved as easily separable foreign material, the others re- 
maining behind in the sound wheat. By means of the standard 
sleves, 1. e., the fine-seed sieve, the buckwheat sieve, and the small 
chess sieve, a somewhat greater percentage was removed. Even 
with these three sieves, however, from 65 to 70 per cent of the galls 
remained in the wheat as foreign material other than dockage. 
Experiments were also made to remove the galls by vigorous 
fanning. By this method, with a fan revolving 850 times per 
minute, a still larger percentage was removed. Nevertheless 40 to 
45 per cent of the total galls remained. With still harder fanning 
a greater quantity no doubt could be removed, but this would result 
in the removal also of a greater quantity of sound wheat. : 
Mills equipped with wheat washers and driers which are specially 
devised te clean smutty wheat can eliminate these galls almost 
entirely by floating them out, as they are lighter than sound wheat, 
with a specific gravity of 0.8125. 
From a grading standpoint the presence of these galls in the 
grain also reduces the weight per bushel, an important item in deter- 
mining the grade of grain. It is readily seen that a farmer with 
such galls in his load of wheat wiil be subjected to heavy penalties. 
First, the separable foreign material is assessed as dockage, and later 
the grade may be reduced because of the remaining foreign material 
other than dockage. 
Knowing the pathological dpniteaies of these kernels, the ques- 
tion might also be raised whether such wheat should not be regarded 
as similar to wheat infested with garlic, onions, weevil, or smut, 
and placed in a class by itself. 
The amount of flour which can be obtained from a bushel of 
wheat is of prime importance to a miller, since flour is the most 
valuable mill product. Any impurity which reduces the yield of 
flour obtained in milling wheat or lowers the quality of the flour has 
a direct bearing on the milling value and should receive considera- 
tion in the grading of the wheat. Any factor which appreciably 
injures the color of flour will result in a product of low grade or in a 
reduction of the purchase price. 
Chemical analysis of the nematode galls by the Bureau of Chem- 
istry is given below in comparison with an analysis of sound wheat 
—— 
