UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 49 
The output in scrap of the by-products department of the average 
cannery, one putting up 50,000 cases, would be not more than L15 
tons for the season, or, on the basis of 900 cases for the maximum 
daily pack, not more than 5,000 pounds per day. For bagging this 
small amount of scrap no special apparatus need be installed, though 
bagging would be facilitated if the scrap were elevated to and de- 
livered into a storage bin from the bottom of which it could be drawn 
oil' into sacks by the bagger as desired. As a sack is made to hold 
100 pounds, 50 bags would be required for the maximum daily out- 
put. Adequate floor space must be available for spreading the scrap 
for cooling when first removed from the drier. Vats for receiving 
and for the subsequent treatment of the oil and water removed by 
pressing must be provided. These should be on a level below that 
of the press so that the oil and water can be delivered into them by 
gravity ; or if this arrangement is not convenient, a pump should be 
provided for raising the liquids to the vats. In either case, some sort 
of vat must be constructed beneath the presses as a temporary re- 
ceptacle for these. 
To separate the water and oil, the mixture should be allowed to 
stand in a vat, being kept hot by steam coils. The oil rising to the sur- 
face should be permitted to flow over a weir into a second vat, while 
the water is drawn off through a lower opening. If found desirable, 
an arrangement may be provided for drawing off likewise the finely 
divided solids which settle to the bottom of the vat. For effecting a 
simple purification of the oil, the second vat should be equipped with 
steam pipes with perforations so that steam may be bubbled into 
the oil. Then it may be drawn off into a tank for storage, or directly 
into barrels for shipment. The total output in oil from the sug- 
gested plant would not be more than 20,000 gallons, assuming a yield 
of 25 gallons per ton of raw material rendered ; or, 450 gallons as the 
maximum daily output. 
COST. 
APPARATUS. 
While the cost of a plant will be determined, of course, by a 
number of interdependent circumstances, the following estimates 
will serve to convey some idea of the outlay required to equip a by- 
products plant for a one-line cannery. Yats of sheet iron of about 
5 tons capacity are obtainable for $350 each. A press may be ob- 
tained for as little as $300, or $800 may be paid for it, depending 
on the nature of the press. Driers of the type mentioned cost not 
more than $600. For a capacity of 4,500 pounds per six hours, six 
of these would be required. For the purchase of conveyors and 
other sorts of equipment, such as pipes, etc., and their installation, 
it is estimated that $1,000 would be adequate. A building 20 feet 
