66 BULLETIN 150, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
believed that they are approximately correct and can be taken as an 
indication of what the items of expenditures and proceeds may be. 
They indicate strongly that a plant erected and equipped for ren- 
dering cannery waste can be applied with profit to the treatment of 
kelp. The proviso that the plant be equipped with a drier of large 
capacity must be introduced. In the beginning of the proposed in- 
dustry the market on the Pacific coast would consume the entire 
product, so that the high freight rates to the Atlantic seaboard could 
be avoided. This would add materially to the profits. 
The products of the proposed combined fish-rendering and kelp- 
drying plant may be disposed of separately to mixers of fertilizers, 
or they may be mixed and retailed directly to the consumers as so- 
called complete fertilizers. The mixture of fish scrap and dried 
kelp would contain ammonia, potash, and phosphoric acid (bone 
phosphate), the three substances regarded as essential ingredients 
of a complete fertilizer. Mixed in equal proportions, the analysis 
of the product would approximate 5 per cent nitrogen, 3.5 per cent 
phosphoric acid, and 7 per cent potash. Such a fertilizer, from the 
conventional point of view, would be regarded as deficient in phos- 
phoric acid, that ingredient being added usually in larger proportion 
than the potash or nitrogen. To make it conform to that formula, 
acidulated phosphate rock could be added. However, this ratio is 
purely conventional and may be disregarded. 
FISH SCRAP FROM OTHER FISH. 
It has been shown that at present about 1,630 tons of dried fish 
scrap represents the annual output of that product from the refuse 
from the salmon industries. In addition thereto, small quantities 
of scrap are produced from the herring, tuna, and whale fisheries, 
and a considerable waste is discarded in the halibut fisheries. 
HERRING. 
At Killisnoo, Alaska, is the only fertilizer plant on the coast using 
herring as its raw material. The company operating the plant was 
organized in 1889. In 1909 the plant was equipped with new and 
improved apparatus. The methods in vogue are the same as those 
employed in the menhaden industry on the Atlantic coast. 
The Killisnoo plant uses about 40,000 barrels of 200 pounds each 
of raw herring per year, from which about 1,000 tons of dry scrap 
and 3,500 barrels of oil are yielded. 
The herring utilized are obtained in the waters of and adjacent to 
southeastern Alaska. In the same region there has been developed 
a small herring fishery which salts herring for the market. This 
industry, presumably, is only in its infancy. However, at present 
