38 BULLETIN 150, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
beneath the storage bins so that it can be done entirely by gravity. 
That it be loaded thus by gravity is a virtual necessity, as pitching 
the material from the bin into the scow by manual labor would be too 
expensive. But it not often is found to be possible to load the scow 
by gravity at high tides, and therein lies the chief objection to 
the method. 
The bin so placed would be loaded by sluicing the cuttings directly 
into it. This would entail no extra labor over that of the present 
practice, The bin should be built with a bottom sloping toward an 
opening through which the waste could be admitted as desired into 
the scow. In the sides of the bin, sections of close-mesh wire netting 
could be inserted, if desired, to permit the excess water to drain 
away ; or, since the cutings are heavy and will sink, the water could 
be permitted to run over the top edges of the bin. The latter is un- 
desirable as entailing an extra and unnecessary weight on the bin. 
An additional advantage of any system involving the use of stor- 
age bins is that, under favorable conditions, a large-capacity scow 
can make the circuit of the canneries tended, collecting what material 
has accumulated since the last round, whether that amount be large 
or small. 
(3) Storage bins placed on the dock at each cannery would pos- 
sess the advantage that they could be unloaded by gravity at any 
tide. The chief objection to them would be that they would have to 
be loaded mechanically. The waste would have to be brought from 
beneath the cannery floor, by conveyor, outward and upward, to the 
bins, involving the expense for installation and operation of the 
conveyors. As this is the method which, under the conditions usually 
obtaining, is the only one under absolute mechanical control and 
therefore the only reliable one, it perhaps is the most desirable 
method of the three. On the other hand, there is no reason why the 
method to be employed at each cannery can not be determined by the 
conditions peculiar to that cannery. No hard and fast rule need be 
applied. 
Tugs. — The number of tugs required to collect the raw material 
from the various canneries would be determined by conditions such 
as the number of canneries tended, their output in waste, the system 
of collecting, the capacity of the scows employed, and especially 
the position of the canneries with respect to each other and the 
rendering station. In elaboration of the last-named condition it 
should be pointed out further that if the canneries were situated in 
such a way that the direct course from the farthest one to the sta- 
tion lay past the others, one tug and scow or scows of sufficient 
capacity could collect the load from a number of canneries on one 
trip. 
