UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 35 
fully, than to apply them direct to the soil. It can be taken as thor- 
oughly well established that both the nitrogen and the phosphoric 
acid, after performing their role in the life processes of the adult 
animal, are eliminated. Then the high food value of these rich foods 
is utilized, and at the same time the fertilizing elements are still 
available for use on the growing crops. From the point of view of 
cattle and poultry feed, the salmon scrap must be considered supe- 
rior to the menhaden. In the first place, the acidulated scrap is 
totally unfit for feeding purposes. Its use in that manner undoubt- 
edly would result in disaster. And in smaller degree, the greater 
care expended in drying the salmon scrap makes it a more desirable 
article of food. In fact, when the nature of the raw material and 
the sanitary condition under which it is treated, obtaining in certain 
manufactories, are considered, it might almost be regarded as fit for 
man's consumption. It would be interesting to learn whether the 
oil remaining in the salmon scrap is of a more digestible nature than 
that in the menhaden scrap. No experimental data is at hand in sub- 
stantiation of such belief; but such appears plausible when it is re- 
called that the salmon oil is light and sweet and partakes more nearly 
of the nature of the edible oils, while that from menhaden is dark, 
heavy, and viscous and has a disagreeable odor. 
The subject of the suitability of fish scrap for cattle and poultry 
feed and the experiments performed relating thereto have been dis- 
cussed in an earlier publication of this department and therefore 
will not be repeated here. In all of the experiments, records of 
which have come to the attention of the writer, the results have been 
affirmative and of such a nature as to justify the further exploita- 
tion of this food material for that purpose. The reader interested 
in this phase of the subject is referred to Bulletin 2, United States 
Department of Agriculture, The Menhaden Fish Fertilizer Indus- 
try of the Atlantic Coast. 
OIL. 
The literature contains little having to do with salmon oil. The 
amount actually produced, 286,000 gallons, is too small to give it 
any great importance in the industries. It is rated, however, as a 
high-grade fish oil. The price which it brings in the market, 30 
cents a gallon, against 23 cents for menhaden oil, is sufficient evi- 
dence of that fact. There is no reason to doubt that it is destined 
to play an important part as an animal oil when the salmon-scrap 
industry is fully developed and there is enough oil available to 
make its study and exploitation profitable. 
In the absence of more detailed information concerning the physi- 
cal and chemical properties of salmon oil, it must suffice to say that 
it is merely a high-grade fish oil. The crude salmon oil is lighter 
in color than, perhaps, the refined menhaden. Its properties, as now 
