UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 25 
The averages of all experiments show the following facts: Each ton of salmon 
offal treated produced S00 pounds of mixed oil and fertilizer. Of (his amount 
200 pounds was salmon oil and 600 pounds oil-free fertilizer. The average 
analysis of the fertilizer thus produced was — ammonia, 14.3 per cent; bono 
phosphate, 13 per cent. 
Estimating the 200 pounds of oil as being 25 gallons, a1 a price of 32 cents, 
which seems a fair average, we have, then, for each ton of offal treated an oil 
value of $8, and, estimating the value of a unit of ammonia at $3.20 and bone 
phosphate at 10 cents per unit, we have a fertilizer value at — 14.3 per cent am- 
monia, at $3.20, $45.70; 13 per cent bone phosphate, at 10 cents, $1.30; or a total 
value of $47.06 per ton. 
Then, at 000 pounds of fertilizer of this quality to the short ton of offal 
treated, we have $47.06 X0.3=$14.12, the fertilizer value of 1 ton of offal, which 
gives a total available value of 1 ton of offal as— fertilizer, $14.12; oil, $8; 
total value, $22.12. 
METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE. 
It already has been stated that the first waste incident to the sal- 
mon-canning industry consists of throwing overboard the fish unfit 
for food and food fish for which there is no demand taken inciden- 
tally with the salmon. It has also been pointed out that the second 
waste, considered in the order of the manipulation of the fish prior 
to canning, consists in the occasional discarding of scowloads of 
salmon for which there is no demand. 
In the succeeding operation of dressing the fish the head is severed 
first. If severed mechanically it falls directly into a chute leading 
beneath the cannery floor; if by hand, it, together with the viscera, 
is washed into a chute by water flowing through a trough at the back 
of the " butchers' "■ table. Where the dressing is mechanical, the sev- 
ering of the head and the removal of the viscera are performed as 
separate operations by the same machine. The head falls into a 
chute which directs it beneath the cannery floor. The viscera fall 
through an opening in the floor situated directly beneath the ma- 
chine. As there is considerable spattering, the floor around the 
machine is liberally covered with the waste. After a consignment 
of fish has been cleaned, or at the end of the day's work, the mate- 
rial on the floor is washed into the opening beneath the machine, or 
through the cracks, purposely large, in the floor. That produced 
by the operations of the " slimers " likewise is conducted beneath 
the cannery floor. From this point, all of the waste, whatever its 
source, is treated together or similarly. 
In southeastern Alaska the common practice is to permit all the 
waste to fall into the water beneath the cannery. As it is heavier 
than water it sinks to the bottom. In certain instances it is 
exposed at low tide (see PI. V), though generally the water is of 
sufficient depth to cover it. In certain localities it is devoured 
by dogfish as fast as produced, while at other canneries a few 
59351°— Bull. 150—15 4 
