UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 7 
HAUL SEINES. 
This type of seine may vary in length from 500 to 2,500 feet. In 
its center is a baglike section, sometimes called the "bunt," which 
may be about 300 feet in length. Two boats are required to operate 
the seine, one a dory, which holds the more nearly stationary end of 
it, and the other a large seine boat, which carries the seine and plays 
it out in such manner as to encircle the fish. The dory approaches 
the shore directly, while the seine boat approaches it after completing 
a wide curve in the water. The seine usually is drawn ashore, most 
frequently upon a favorably sloping sandbar, by means of horses. 
This method of fishing is adapted only to locations where a smooth 
and gently sloping shore is available, so that the seine can be hauled 
in promptly and easily before the fish have escaped. It most fre- 
quently is seen in use on the Columbia Eiver. 
GILL NETS. 
The size and shape of gill nets are determined by the character- 
istics of the body of water in which they are to be used, and the 
dimensions of the meshes by the size of the salmon to be caught. The 
net is supported by corks and is kept distended by leads attached to 
the bottom. It is stationed in the tidal or river current in such man- 
ner as to form the letter "L," with the end of the longer branch 
against the shore and the other flowing loose in the current. As the 
position of the net is usually maintained by the current without the 
assistance of stakes, where the current is tidal the net is placed at 
the beginning of a tide and is taken in before a change in the direction 
of flow occurs. As the success of this manner of fishing depends on 
the entanglement of the fish in the meshes of the net, it can be ap- 
plied only under those conditions whereby the net is rendered in- 
visible to the fish, in muddy water or at night. 
At the end of the fishing period the seine is pulled aboard the boat 
of the attendant, the enmeshed fish being removed as the net is 
drawn in. The same form of net may be made fast in the stream 
by stakes or other anchorages and may be allowed to " fish " as long 
as the attendant sees fit. 
Perhaps the greatest objection to this form of fish-taking appa- 
ratus lies in the fact that the enmeshed fish are killed, probably im- 
mediately, and are permitted to remain suspended in the water for 
an unknown period. The fact certainly can not be regarded as 
enhancing the value of the fish, and may render the fish undesirable 
for food. 
FISH WHEELS. 
Fish wheels are designed to catch the salmon on their course up 
the rivers in which the wheels are placed. They are of various 
