44 BULLETIN 794, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
RAT LAKE, BROWN COUNTY. 
August 14, 1915. 
Description. — No marsh, and grazed to water's edge around entire lake. 
Largely open water ; average greatest depth 3 to 4 feet ; bottom sandy. No inlet * 
or outlet. 
Distribution or Vegetation. 
SHORE PLANTS. 
Not conspicuous. 
1. Wild millet (Echinochloa crus-galli) .* 
Mature fruit. 
2. Sedge (Carex nebraskensis) .* Mature 
fruit 
3. Rush (Juncus ?iodosus).* 
4. Richweed (Pilea pumila).* 
5. Yellow monkey-flower {Mimulus gey- 
eri).* 
6. Mint {Mentha canadensis) . 
SEMISUBMERGED PLANTS. 
Dominants: 
7. Wild rice (Zizania palustris) .* Flow- 
ers. 
8. Big bulrush (Scirpus oceidentalis) . 
Secondary species: 
9. Cat-tail (Typha latifolia) . 
10. Western water plantain (Alisma bre- 
vipes).* Not common. 
11. Geyer water plantain (Alisma geyeri).* 
Immature fruit. 
12. Wapato (Sagittaria latifoUa).* Imma- 
ture fruit. 
13. Crested wapato (Sagittaria cristata). 
SUBMERGED PLANTS. 
Dominants: 
14. Curly pondweed (Potamogeton- perfoli- 
atus richardsonii). 
15. Water milfoil (llyriophyllum spica- 
tum).* 
Secondary species: 
16. Musk grass (Chara sp.)* 
17. Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectina- 
tus). 
18. Long-leaved pondweed {Potamogeton 
americanus) .* Flower buds. 
19. Bushy pondweed (Xajas flexilis).* Im- 
mature fruit. 
20. Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum). 
Abundant. 
FLOATING PLANTS. 
21. Star duckweed (Lemna trisulca^ * \ 22. Big duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) . 
Wild-duck foods. — Plants in the above list which have considerable value as 
food for wild ducks are : Nos. 1, 7, 8, 12, 16, 17, 19, 20. 21. and 22 ; those of lesser 
importance are : Nos. 2. 10, 11, 13. 14, 15, and 18 ; the remainder are of no 
known value. 
WILLOW LAKE, BROWN COUNTY. 
August 15 (?), 1915. 
Description. — No marsh area. "Water clouded, owing to abundance of a 
single-celled alga ; mostly open water ; average greatest depth 6 feet ; bottom, 
as a whole, sandy. No inlet or outlet. 
Distribution of Vegetation. 
SHORE PLANTS. 
Include principally : 
1. Cord-grass (Spartina michauxiana) . 
2. Wild millet {Echinochloa crus-galli). 
3. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). 
4. Redtop (Agrosti* alba). 
