28 BULLETIN 1186, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
shown on eastern white pine in Sweden and France and western white 
pinein Scotland. Many European foresters have been enthusiastic over 
the future prospects of white pine in their countries, believing that it 
would come to occupy an important position in theirsystem of manage- 
ment and be regarded as an indigenous species. As shown by its growth 
abroad it has excellent volume ‘production, regenerates well (fie. 15), 
and is not exacting as to soil and moisture requirements. Such an 
optimistic outlook was held by foresters in Denmark, Belgium, and 
Norway, while the Germans had faith enough in the productive 
capacity of the species to plant considerable areas with white pine. 
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Fic. 15.—Natural white-pine reproduction in the communal forest of La Mouche, Epinal, 
France. In this part of the forest 36 per cent of the young trees were attacked by 
the blister rust, thus greatly reducing the probability of a future crop. 
Other foreign conifers, such as Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and 
Japanese larch, will gradually replace the disappearing white pine. 
Himalayan and Balkan pine will also come into more extensive use 
for forest planting. 
EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE A WARNING TO AMERICA. 
This disease is a most dangerous forest enemy. It readily kills 
mature trees, but the greatest menace is in sweeping out of existence 
the young pine stock of to-day which is to become the mature timber 
of to-morrow. Although it is slow in developing, it is nevertheless 
constant in action and certain in destruction, undermining the very 
security of our forest capital, without which continued forest pro- 
duction is impossible. 
Blister-rust control is a national problem. It is necessary to pro- 
tect a resource so essential as white pine for economic and industrial 
development. Simple and practical methods are available to any 
pine owner in the eastern United States which enable him to safe- 
guard his pines from this disease. The blister rust is spreading into 
the western white- -pine and sugar-pine forests and threatens the com- 
mercial extinction of these species. Vigorous action is required to de- 
velop and apply measures that will minimize the damage in the West. 
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