TIMBER GROWING AND LOGGING PRACTICE 
19 
spent to give it adequate protection against fires, and the amount 
now being expended by State, private, and Federal agencies: 
Table 1. — Extent and cost of adequate fire control on State and private timber- 
lands in the central hardwood region, with amounts expended in 1925 
Forest land 
needing 
protection 
Esti- 
mated 
yearly 
cost of 
full pro- 
tection 
Amounts expended in 1925 
States 
By State 
and 
private 
agencies 
By Fed- 
eral Gov- 
ernment 
Total 
Acres 
3, 300, 000 
5, 650, 000 
4, 700. 000 
1, 100, 000 
1,000,000 
500,000 
9, 000, 000 
10, 000, 000 
13, 000. 000 
20. 500, 000 
Dollars 
58, 500 
91, 800 
41,500 
27,800 
20, 000 
10, 000 
225, 000 
250.000 
260. 000 
461, 250 
Dollars 
43,900 
10,900 
11,900 
10, 797 
Dollars 
4,500 
5,700 
1,900 
1,882 
Dollars 
48,400 
16,600 
13,800 
Ohio„. 
12, 679 
Indiana 2 -... ,. . . 
Illinois 2 
6,125 
3 14, 602 
1,868 
14, 603 
7,993 
Tennessee _ . 
29, 205 
Arkansas 2 .. . 
i Approximate figures for farm wood-lot areas in southern part of the State falling within the central 
hardwood region. 
2 Did not cooperate with Federal Government in fire control in 1925* hence figures not available. 
3 State expenditure only. 
MEASURES NECESSARY TO KEEP FOREST LAND 
PRODUCTIVE 
The wooded area of this region will, if undisturbed, keep on pro- 
ducing timber indefinitely through sprouts or self-sown seed, requir- 
ing no cultural measures other than the exclusion of agencies destruc- 
tive to tree life. Lumbering operations do not destroy these 
reproductive possibilities. Harvesting is an essential feature of the 
production of the timber as a crop. Logging disrupts the stand, 
often does more damage than is necessary to young growth not yet 
ready to be harvested, and may bring about considerable changes in 
the composition of the stand, but it does not render the land unpro- 
ductive. Past cuttings, clear and partial, indicate conclusively that 
ample young tree growth, either of seedling or sprout origin, will 
follow cutting operations and that the species will be the same as 
those in the stand cut over, although often in materially different 
ratios. 
IN THE SMALL FARM WOODS 
In the small isolated farm woods of this region, the only factor 
of material consequence operating against continuous forest produc- 
tion is the practice of pasturing the woods heavily with livestock. 
The measure necessary to keep such land productive is to exclude 
livestock from the woods, preferably all the time. If this is done 
even the very badly run down wood lots bearing only a few old scrag- 
gly trees to the acre will ordinarily seed in to young trees in three 
to seven years. After the young trees have reached a diameter of 
4 or 5 inches, which will ordinarily be in 20 to 25 years, livestock 
can be allowed in the woods until the stand begins to thin out natu- 
rally or openings are again made by cutting. Even then it is not 
recommended that livestock have the free run of the entire woods. 
There is always valuable younger growth which they will damage. 
