FARM HANDICRAFT FOR SCHOOLS. 
Fig. 4. — Divisions of a carpenter's rule. 
teeth are filed in sharpening, as indicated in the figure. The ripsaw 
is used to cut with the grain of the wood. Its teeth are filed to the 
shape of chisels placed one behind the other, as shown at B, figure 1. 
Figure 2 shows the position of hand, elbow, and shoulder when 
using a saw. The 
index finger should 
be along the top of 
the handle on the 
right side and the 
thumb on the left 
side. They are 
then in a position to guide the saw. The hand, elbow, and shoulder 
should be in a straight line, as shown in the drawing. To start saw- 
ing, place the left hand on the mark on the board, as shown in figure 
3, to guide the saw 
and make a light up 
stroke. Continue 
with a few light 
strokes up and down 
until the saw is well 
started and finally 
take full strokes the 
length of the blade. 
The rule is the 
-* 
_N _ 
1 I I 
7 8 
I I I 
10 II 
I I 1 
rOM50ZE~ 
I ' I ' I ' I ' I 
12 13 14 15 16 
I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I 
I'l'l'l'l 
•6LAGE 
Fig. 
5. — Steel square and try 
square. 
&54A? 
measuring gauge. 
Naturally, accurate 
measurements are necessary if good work is 
done. On the 2-foot rule one edge is di- 
vided into inches, halves, quarters, and 
eighths, and the other into inches, halves, 
quarters, eighths, and sixteenths, as shown in figure 4. 
To save time when measuring a number of pieces of 
the same length it is advisable to make a measuring stick 
of the length required and use this instead of the rule. 
Figure 5 shows the two kmds _________ 
of squares in use: The carpen- 
ter's steel square at (A), and 
the try square at (B). As shown 
in the drawing, the parts of 
a steel square are tongue and blade, 
and the parts of a try square are blade 
and beam. The carpenter's square is used for measuring 
lumber and also for squaring across boards when cutting stock 
into lengths. Figure 6 shows how a steel square is used for 
squaring across a board. Notice that the long side is parallel with the 
Fig. 
Squaring up a board with 
a steel square. 
