16 
BULLETIN 1422, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
be, for they were certainly grossly distinct even then. Perhaps they 
considered them a natural part of the tree, as did Fresneau, whose 
description and drawing of the Hevea tree were published by La 
Condamine (14) • Fresneau's drawing shows the tree with a scaly 
trunk, as though leaf bases still clung to it, as is the case with many 
palms, Elaeis guineensis, the African oil palm, for example. He says 
that the base of the trunk is ridged, somewhat like a pineapple. It 
is hardly conceivable that he sketched the upper part of the tree and 
then mistook the trunk of a palm for that of Hevea; so one familiar 
with the appearance of the trunks of tapped Heveas in South America 
is led to the conclusion that the ridges which Fresneau saw were 
excrescences due to slashing the trunk (in a rather regular pattern) 
with knives to obtain the latex. Though an unconscious one, this is 
undoubtedly the earliest note on the pathology of Hevea. 
Table 1. — Data from 239 Hevea trees on an estrada on the Rio Ouro Preto, Matto 
Grosso, Brazil 
Tree 
No. 1__ 
No. 2... 
No. 3— 
No. 4... 
No. 5— 
No. 6_- 
No. 7__. 
No. 8... 
No. 9... 
No. 10.. 
No. 11- 
No. 12 _. 
No. 13.. 
No. 14_ . 
No. 15-. 
No. 16.. 
No. 17-. 
No. 18- 
No. 19.. 
No. 20_ . 
No. 21-. 
No. 22-. 
No. 23.. 
No. 24.. 
No. 25.. 
No. 26- 
No. 27.. 
No. 28.. 
No. 29_ . 
No. 30. . 
No. 31.. 
No. 32.. 
No. 33.. 
No. 34.. 
No. 35.. 
No. 36.. 
No. 37.. 
No. 38- 
No. 39.. 
No. 40. . 
No. 41-. 
No. 42. . 
No. 43-. 
No. 44.. 
No. 45- 
No. 46-. 
No. 47.. 
No. 48.. 
No. 49-. 
No. 50. . 
No. 51.. 
No. 52.. 
1 Not tapped. 
Circmn-fc- 
ference of 
cuts 
(cm.) 
Lftef Bark 
, yield thick- 
for one 
day 
ness 
(c. e.) 
{mm. j 
60 
26 
112 
12 
121 
32 
30 
83 
33 
230 
23 
158 
24 
151 
60 
55 
57 
1 
52 
12 
65 
16 
8 
27 
98 
110 
20 
18 
12 
50 
97 
45 
56 
110 
50 
175 
30 
20 
25 
10 
57 
10 
65 
80 
20 
130 
134 
7.0 
6.5 
10.0 
4.0 
6.0 
5.5 
6.0 
5.0 
6.0 
10.0 
15.0 
6.5 
6.0 
6.0 
11.0 
6.0 
7."6 
5.0 
7.0 
4.0 
8.0 
5.0 
Rings 
of 
latex 
""To" 
~"~12 
8.0 
20 
3.5 
12 
9.0 
21 
5.0 
17 
7.0 
19 
5.0 
19 
4.0 
8 
8.0 
17 
Circum- 
Num- 
ber 
of 
cuts 
Tree 
ference 
(cm.) 
No. 53 
107 
2 
No. 54 
129 
3 
No. 55 
89 
1 
No. 56 
82 
1 
No. 57 
81 
1 
No. 58 
74 
1 
No. 59 
93 
1 
No. 60 
63 
1 
No. 61 
138 
3 
No. 62 
148 
3 
No. 63 
152 
3 
No. 64 
102 
2 
No. 65 
125 
3 
No. 66 
85 
2 
No. 67 
134 
3 
No. 68 
104 
2 
No. 69 
149 
3 
No. 70 
88 
1 
No. 71 
135 
3 
No. 72 
108 
2 
No. 73 
128 
3 
No. 74 
132 
2 
No. 76 
157 
3 
No. 77 
84 
3 
No. 78 
181 
3 
No. 79 
95 
1 
No. 80 
125 
3 
No. 81 
109 
3 
No. 82 
119 
3 
No. 83 
92 
2 
No. 84 
140 
3 
No. 85 
80 
2 
No. 86 
79 
1 
No. 87 
92 
2 
No. 88 
113 
3 
No. 89 
69 
1 
No. 90 
145 
3 
No. 91 
93 
3 
No. 92 
127 
3 
No. 93 
67 
1 
No. 94 
168 
4 
No. 95 
131 
2 
No. 96 
102 
No. 97 
108 
2 
No. 98 
124 
3 
No. 99 
125 
3 
No. 100— 
133 
3 
No. 101 — 
172 
4 
No. 102.... 
118 
3 
No. 103— 
88 
2 
No. 104— 
117 
3 
No. 105.... 
107 
2 
Latex 
yield 
for one 
day 
(c. c.) 
42 
150 
35 
24 
6 
13 
17 
7 
115 
310 
138 
80 
245 
55 
97 
120 
140 
52 
120 
110 
145 
33 
327 
47 
255 
8 
217 
165 
190 
89 
267 
88 
18 
47 
31 
14 
198 
31 
79 
5 
456 
33 
0) 
12 
102 
133 
65 
205 
96 
27 
215 
108 
thick- of 
ness : latex 
(mm.) , vessels 
8.0 
27 
8.0 
17 
4.0 
4.0 
25 
15 
i 10.0 
9.0 
8.0 
14.0 
31 
22 
26 
41 


10.0 
3.0 
18 
15 
5.0 
11.0 
10 
37 
9.0 
22 
5.0 
14 
40 
12 
4.0 
13 
7.0 
5.0 
12.0 
22 
17 
21 
7.0 
6.0 
7.0 
10.0 
17 
18 
15 
25 
8.0 
18 
5.0 
6.0 
26 
21 
