GRAIN-SORGHUM EXPERIMENTS IX OKLAHOMA. 31 
with other varieties of sorghum. The varieties of kaoliang grown at 
the Woodward Field Station were selected as those showing most 
promise at the Amarillo Cereal Field Station. Seven varieties and 
strains were grown in the first year of these experiments, one white 
Mukden), one blackhull white, and five brown (two of Manchu and 
one each of Parker. Valley, and Shantung Dwarf). After the first 
year one of the brown kaoliangs (Parker) was discarded, and at the 
end of three years the white Mukden) and two of the brown strains 
Shantung Dwarf and Manchu, C. I. Xo. 328) were dropped. One 
blackhull and two brown kaoliangs have been grown during the full 
8-year period. The data for the varieties of kaoliang grown during 
the eight years are presented in Table 11. 
The Blackhull kaoliang grown at the Woodward Field Station at 
present differs in a number of characters from the original Barchet 
Blackhull. This change in varietal character was caused by field 
hybridization, possibly with feterita. In 1915 the heads of this strain 
that had been saved for seed were all used in the first seeding. As re- 
seeding was necessary, a supply of bulk seed was obtained from the 
Amarillo Cereal Field Station. ■ The plat produced from this seed 
varied greatly in color and type. A number of white-seeded heads 
were selected from this plat for use the following season, but the plat 
produced from them had a high percentage of brown-seeded plants. 
White-seeded heads were again selected for seed in the fall of 1916. 
In 1917 the plat consisted of 10 head rows. The plants were uni- 
formly white seeded, but each row was of a different type. Since 
1917 the types have bred true, and in 1919 and 1920 a small-seeded, 
compact-headed type was found to be the best yielder. Though the 
other types have been grown in single rows, the progeny of row 1 in 
1917 is the type now included in these experiments as Blackhull 
kaoliang. 
Table 11 shows that the row space for the plants of kaoliang has 
been less than that for other groups. The stands from year to year, 
however, have not been uniform. The desired space between kao- 
liang plants under Woodward conditions is about 5 inches. The row 
space per plant for Blackhull has varied from 4.8 to 11.8 inches, with 
an average of 7.5 inches. Manchu (C. I. Xo. 171) and Valley (C. I. 
Xo. 309) kaoliangs have averaged 6.4 and 5.9 inches of row space per 
plant, respectively. It is to be noted that the kaoliangs are less 
inclined to produce suckers than any of the other grain sorghums. 
Blackhull, which has produced as many suckers as any of the varieties 
of kaoliang, due largely to thin stands in several years, produced an 
average of only 14 suckers for every 100 plants. 
The kaoliangs are early in maturing, especially the brown varie- 
ties. Manchu (C. I. Xo. 171) has matured grain on the average in 
101 days during the 8 years of these experiments. Valley (C. I. Xo. 
309) has required an average of 4 days longer in which to mature. 
Blackhull has matured on the average in 111 days, which is longer 
by 7 days than the total growing period of feterita. 
In height the three kaoliangs grown for the full 8-year period have 
averaged from 5.3 to 5.7 feet. One of the kaoliangs. Shantung 
Dwarf (C. I. No. 293), which was grown for but three year-, is very 
dwarf, averaging only 3.1 feet in height. This selection is at present 
grown in single rows, in order to have it available for breeding work 
as a source of dwarf stature. 
