6 BULLETIN 972, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
Table 2. — Quantities of various classes of feeds required and expenses incurred for keeping 
a cow during each season and for entire year. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
497.1 
2,938 
492.3 
2,885 
494.7 
Average production 
pounds.. 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
5,823 
Feed: 
Purchased 
Home-grown grains 
129 
1,082 
34 
284 
163 
1,366 
Total concentrates 
1,211 
318 
1, 529 
$0.48 
$0.12 
$0.60 
pounds. . 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial carbohydrate hay 
Commercial legume hay 
656 
183 
1,959 
363 
69 
1,045 
1,019 
252 
3,004 
Total dry roughage 
2,798 
1,477 
4,275 
Silage and other succulent roughage 
2,749 
$3.18 
325 
844 
$18. 83 
15 
3,593 
$22. 01 
Bedding 
pounds.. 
hours 
do.... 
340 
Labor: 
Human 
Horse 
58.2 
1.9 
55.4 
2.3 
113.6 
3.2 
Other costs: 
Building charges 
$5.48 
2.81 
.93 
3.93 
4.64 
.01 
5.31 
$5.53 
2.84 
.94 
3.96 
3.55 
.36 
6.06 
$11.01 
Equipment charges and dairy supplies 
5.65 
Herd charges: Taxes, insurance, veterinary service, 
medicines, and 
1.87 
7.89 
Cost of keeping bull 
8.19 
Motor-truck charge 
.37 
Cash hanliripf of milk___ 
11.37 
Total other costs except depreciation on cows 
23.11 
2.38 
23.24 
2.40 
46.35 
4.78 
25.49 
25.64 
51.13 
CREDIT FOR CALVES. 
The large credit of 1.02 calves per cow during the second year, as 
shown in Table 3, was due to many cows entering the herd at freshen- 
ing time and remaining only a fractional part of the year. The 
effect of war prices is reflected in the larger average value of calves 
during the second year. 
Table 3. — Total credit for calves produced, by years and by seasons. 
Item. 
Credit by years. 
1919-20 
Credit by seasons. 
B oth winters . Both summers . 
Number of calves 
Total value of calves 
Average value of calves 
Calves per cow 
Credit per cow 
Credit per 100 pounds of milk. 
231 
$1, 752. 59 
7. 59 
0. 86 of 1 calf. 
$6.53 
0.01 of 1 calf. 
232 
$4,383.50 
18.89 
1.02 calves. 
$19. 35 
0.02 of 1 calf. 
250 
$3,600.45 
14.40 
1 0.5 of 1 calf. 
i $7. 24 
0.02 of 1 calf. 
213 
$2,535.64 
11.90 
1 0.43 of 1 calf. 
i $5. 15 
0.01 of 1 calf. 
1 These figures are the averages for the respective seasons. 
