8 BULLETIN 972, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
figure the weight of the manure voided in the barn, for, according 
to the best authorities, a 1,000-pound cow produces 13 tons of manure 
in a year, or 6^ tons in six months. Full credit was allowed for 
manure dropped in the stalk fields, but manure dropped in perma- 
nent pastures was not credited to the herds. If a credit had been 
given, an additional charge for fertilizer would have been necessary 
and would have increased the pasture rent to the herd. 
A ton of average manure saved on the farms studied, according to 
the methods used for determining it, was estimated to contain the 
following fertilizing constituents : 
Pounds. 
Nitrogen 9. 5 
Phosphoric acid 2. 9 
Potash : 9. 8 
When the nitrogen in commercial fertilizers was worth 24 cents, 
phosphoric acid 10 cents, and potash 11^- cents a pound, the fertiliz- 
ing value of these ingredients in a ton of manure would have been 
$3.70. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR KEEPING A BULL. 
On most of the farms the bulls were allowed to run with the cows 
both in summer and hi winter. As shown in Table 5, the bulls 
received very little grain. 
Table 5. — Requirements for J;eepi r ng a bull, by seasons, based on averages obtained from 
the equivalent of 29.5 bulls. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grain 
pounds.. 
do.... 
25 
G44 
10 
144 
35 
7S8 
Total concentrates 
669 
154 
823 
pounds.. 
do.... 
do.. 
do.... 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial carbohydrate hay 
Commercial legume hay * 
501 
266 
1,757 
386 
75 
764 
887 
341 
2,521 
Total dry roughage 
2,524 
1,225 
3,749 
Succulent roughage. 
Bedding 
Pasture 
.pounds. 
...do... 
2,185 841 3,026 
129 6 135 
S2. 98 i S17. 41 , S20. 39 
Human labor . 
Horse labor... 
.hours. 
..do... 
10.5 
5.6 
.3 
Other costs: 
Interest on bull investment. 
Bull's share of buildings 
Depreciation on bull 
Total other cost*. 
S6.30 
6.07 
12.77 
S6.34 
6.11 
12.86 
16.1 
.3 
S12. 64 
12.18 
25.63 
525.14 S25.31 S50.45 
During the second year one of the bulls died and five were sold for 
beef at prices far below their purebred values. These facts account 
largely for the depreciation of $25.63 per bull per year. 
