12 
BULLETIN 972, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
the premiTim receipts of the insurance companies. The cost for 
upkeep and repairs was obtained by keeping an actual record of 
expenditures during the year. The footing of the first column of 
Table 8 shows that the total of the costs against buildings amounted 
to 13.8 per cent of the capital invested in buildings, and the other 
totals show corresponding percentage relationships. 
Table 8.— Per cent relationship between •'otlw costs'' and capital invested. 
Item. 
Buildings . 
Capital invested $421, 127. 96 
Capital invested per cow 85. 16 
Per cent. 
6.0 
3.1 
.7 
.4 
3.3 
Interest 
Depreciation 
Taxes 
Insurance 
Upkeep and repairs 
Milldng-machine repairs. 
Total 
13.8 
SSt Herd. 
Total. 
$9, SOS. 62 
19.82 
Per cent. 
5.9 
15.2 
$66,501.50 $118,435.08 
134.43 239.41 
Per cent, j Per cent. 
5.9 
3.6 
22.9 
10,- 
12.6 
EQUIPMENT. 
A monthly record of repairs and renewals of equipment was made. 
The amounts spent for dairy supplies were also recorded month by 
month and amounted to SI. 12 per cow per year. 
HERD. 
The cows had an average inventory value of $134.43. Purebred 
cows were inventoried at fair prices for grade animals of similar 
producing ability, and the calves dropped by the purebred cows 
were inventoried at corresponding grade values. Inventories were 
taken at the beginning and end of each year. The value of cows 
which entered the herd during the year was added to the first inven- 
tory, and the receipts for cows or hides sold during the year were 
added to the second inventory before determining the depreciation 
or increase in value of the herd for the year. 
The feed, labor, and " other costs'' of keeping the herd sires were 
kept separate, so they would be available for study. Interest was 
charged at 6 per cent, the prevailing rate in the section. Records 
were kept of the actual amounts of money spent during the year for 
veterinary services, medicines, and disinfectants. These expend- 
itures amounted to 60 cents per cow per year. 
PERCENTAGE COMPARISON OF FACTORS INVOLVED IN MILK PRODUC- 
TION. 
How much more did it cost to produce milk in winter than in 
summer ? What caused the variation in cost ? Did the credit for 
calves and manure and the debit for "other costs" balance each 
other? Table 9 answers these questions. 
