BEEF CATTLE IN" NORTH CAROLINA. 29 
age gain for the summer was 357 pounds per steer, the average total 
gain over initial weight of 321 pounds, the average total cost per 
steer $12.18, showing an average profit of $21.06 per steer, the total 
average cost per pound gain being $0,038. 
The steers in Lot 2, division " b," were wintered the same as those 
in Lot 2, division " a," and were given cake in addition to grass dur- 
ing the summers. These steers lost an average during the winter of 
51 pounds per head. They made an average gain for the summer of 
379 pounds, or a total gain over initial weight of 328 pounds. The 
average total cost was $21.32 per steer, showing an average profit of 
$21.51 per steer, the total cost per pound of gain being $0,065. 
The steers in Lot 3 were wintered the same as those in Lot 2, on 
corn silage, corn stover, hay, and straw, and summered on grass 
without cake. These cattle lost an average of 52 pounds per head 
during the winter, and made an average total gain during summers 
of 360 pounds, or a total gain over initial fall weight of 308 pounds 
at an average total cost of $12.06, showing an average profit of 
$21.77. The total cost per pound of gain was $0,039. 
The cattle in Lot 4 were grazed both winter and summer. It is 
very interesting to study the results of this work, as these cattle 
gained an average of 20 pounds per steer during each winter for the 
three years. The total gain for the summer averaged 330 pounds per 
steer, or a total gain over the initial fall weight of 350 pounds at 
an average total cost of $10.80, showing an average profit of $22.36 
per steer, exclusive of the value of the manure. The total cost per 
pound gain was $0,031. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
During the first two summers' work the feeding of cottonseed cake 
to steers on grass was profitable. During the last year's work, owing 
to the high price of the cake, it did not pay. Considering this fact 
and the high price that feeders have been selling for, the feeding of 
cottonseed cake on grass will not prove sufficiently profitable to rec- 
ommend it as a general practice. It should be understood, however, 
that this applies to conditions similar to those where this work was 
conducted, that is, where the steers can get an abundance of excel- 
lent blue grass. 
Winter grazing not only proved to be the most satisfactory method 
of wintering stock cattle, producing a substantial gain each year, 
but it was the cheapest method tried in any of the wintering work. 
In addition to this, these winter-grazed cattle made the largest total 
gain for the year and at less cost per head than any of the steers 
wintered in the barns. 
These winter-grazed cattle also made a larger average profit than 
any of the other lots of cattle. Xot including the manure, the total 
