FUNGI OF IMPORTANCE IN THE DECAY OF TIMBERS. 29 
annosus found by Olsen (BreMd 5, p. 177) ; chlamydospores between 
the margin and the poriferous zone in Polyporus bambusinus 
(Patouillard, 45) ; conidia (chlamydospores according to Lyman) 
in Stereum disciforme and all over the hymenium of Aleurodiscus 
oakesii and A. amorphics (Patouillard, Jfi) ; conidia on racemose 
organs in the hymenium before formation of basidiospores in species 
of Aleurodiscus (Burt, 9, p. 198) ; viable chlamydospores on branches 
of the stipe of Collybia racemosa (Stefan, 59) ; helicoid conidia on 
hairs arising from the young veil and from the margin of the 
developing pileus of Lentodium squamulosum (Lentinus tigrinus 
Fr.) (Lyman, 31; p. 186) and on the mycelium overgrowing the gills 
of the same fungus (Murrill, 38, p. 296). Further, Cool (10) found 
oidia coming from the pileus during basidiospore casting of Collybia 
velutipes (p. 9) and chlamydospores along with the basidiospores of 
Sphaerobolus stellatus (p. 21). She also reports that she found a 
great many more oidia than basidiospores in the hymenial layer of 
Collybia velutipes and wart-shaped heaps of oidia on the dried fruit 
bodies of this fungus. Long and Harsch (29) report the chlamydo- 
spores of Lentinus lepideus. We have already mentioned Weir (62) 
and the observation of Faull (18) and the writer (55) on the chlamy- 
dospores of Fomes officinalis. 
REFERENCES TO THE IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY SPORES IN THE DISSEMINATION OF 
FUNGI. 
There are a few references to the importance of secondary spores 
in the dissemination of fungi. Eidam (12, p. 245) concluded that 
there was no natural secondary reproduction in Cyathus striatus 
and that the oidia were an abnormal appearance, although they 
might tide over unfavorable conditions. In speaking of the failure 
of Hartig's isolation trench in checking the spread of Fomes annosus, 
Brefeld (5, pp. 153 and 179-185) suggested as the reason that 
conidia were formed by this fungus that they infected the cut roots 
and thus produced more disease than normally occurred. Brefeld 
never found conidia growing naturally, although he reports such a 
finding by Olsen (5, p. 177), but he obtained them in the laboratory 
on mycelium collected in the woods (5, p. 153). Hiley, in reviewing 
the status of the conidia of this fungus in relation to decay of the 
larch, reports (20) the production of conidia in wood cultures and 
upon sterilized soil. He believes it probable that the mycelium of 
Fomes annosus " may grow on forest soil and bear conidia " (p. 115) 
and that one of the means of infection of the host is by these conidia 
(pp. 115. 121, 123). Tubeuf (60, p. 103) had nothing concrete to 
offer on the propagation of Merulius by secondary spore forms, but 
emphasized the theoretical importance of such. He pointed out that 
