THE TDENTIFICATTOlSr OF VARIETIES OF BARLEY. 7 
outermost of the six are so expanded. The expanded outer glume 
is a rare variation, which may be disregarded from an agricultural 
standpoint, as no such varieties are cultivated commonly. 
TERMINAL APPENDAGES OF THE LEMMA. 
The lemma of either central or lateral spikelets may terminate in 
an awn or hood, or it may be merely rounded or pointed at the tip 
without either awn or hood. The hooded barleys usually are re- 
ferred to in this country as beardless. Since there are true awnless 
sorts the term awmless is here used for these rare varieties and the 
term hooded for all varieties with hoods. The use of the term beard- 
less, which is easily misunderstood, is thus avoided. The hooded va- 
rieties all appear to trace their origin to the Nepal barley. In this 
variety the awn is replaced by a trifurcate appendage, the three lobes 
of which are a partial duplication of the three florets at a node 
of the rachis. These monstrous florets often bear fertile stamens and 
are said sometimes to produce seed. 
In the hooded barleys two minor separations have been made. 
The normal hood, as in the Nepal barley, is sessile. In many hybrids 
the hood is elevated more or less on an awn. Variations in the small 
awns sometimes produced by the hood also have been noted. 
The awns of barley may be either rough or smooth. They are 
normally very scabrous, being much rougher than those of wheat. 
In a few potentially valuable agronomic forms the awns are smooth 
or slightly roughened at the tip. They are, however, entirely smooth 
toward the base, where the largest teeth are found in the rough- 
awned varieties. There are also a number of minor forms which 
bear awns considerably shorter than the normal. In others, the awn 
is malformed, being flattened or twisted. The difficulty of using 
either of these latter distinctions in other than an agronomic way is 
at once apparent, the one being a merging character and the last 
an abnormaldty. 
COLOR. 
Four color conditions have been recognized in barley varieties. In 
the hulled varieties the distinction is based upon pigments located 
in the lemma and such aleurone and other colors as may show 
through the more or less translucent lemma. The naked varieties 
are separated on pigments found in the caryopsis, disregarding en- 
tirely the character of the lemma. In the hulled varieties the first 
color division is that in which no pigment is present. This results 
in a white or yellow barley. The second and third divisions, blue 
and purple, as previously pointed out (Harlan, 1914, p. 30), prob- 
ably are related. The blue varieties of hulled barley come from a. 
blue aleurone layer showing through the superimposed lemmas. 
