THE IDENTIFICATION- OF VARIETIES OF BARLEY. 5 
Beaven in 1902 published a paper which is the most complete ar- 
rangement of barley varieties in English. He used vulgare in the 
place of the tetrastichuin of Kornicke, divided "distichon into dense 
and lax subdivisions, using zeocviton and distichon as parallel terms 
to hexastichon and vulgare^ and classed all deficient barleys under 
decipiens. He included 45 new varieties produced by Karl Hansen. 
In several instances they were not sufficiently described to determine 
their exact character. The doubtful varieties are of necessity omitted 
from this paper. 
The work of Kegel (1906, 1908, 1910) shows more originality and 
less of compilation than that of most of his contemporaries. In vari- 
ous articles appearing in the Bulletin der Bureau fiir angewandte 
Botanik and elsewhere, he has made unquestioned contributions to 
the knowledge of barley. In his later publications Kegel has made 
his finer divisions upon what might be described as ecological races, 
such as the Chevalier, as contrasted with the Moravian barleys. 
Ther is very good reason for taking this position, in that it is much 
less arbitrary in its relations than the usual taxonomic distinctions. 
It has, however, two weaknesses. Such forms, being very difficult to 
separate under some conditions, can be utilized only by those who 
have made a special study of barley, and they have no limitation to 
their increase in number. Almost any new barley calls for a new 
division, whereas under the system j^roposed by the present writer 
most additions at least will fall in a group already established. The 
idea of geographic forms had perhaps best be carried out as an 
agronomic rather than a taxonomic project. In his broader divisions 
Kegel has combined many previously described varieties and thus 
broadened the terms somewhat. His modifications are well founded. 
He recognizes only two densities instead of three, places the smooth- 
awned forms under their nearest rough-awned relatives, and con- 
siders blue and purple as forms of the white variety. Carleton's 
(1916) major groups of polystichon, distichum^ and interniedimn 
differ only in the rank of the deficient barleys from the scheme 
proposed in this bulletin. 
VARIABLE FACTORS IN CULTIVATED BARLEY. 
In cultivated barleys there are six variable characters which have 
been used in the description of varieties. These are fertility, adher- 
ence or nonadherence of the flowering glume, the character of the 
outer glumes, the character of terminal appendag.es to the lemma 
when present, color, and density. Of these, the adherence of the flow- 
ering glume and the character of the outer glumes have two condi- 
tions, the terminal appendages of the lemma and density have three 
conditions, and fertility and color have four conditions each. One 
