TIMBER GROWING IN DOUGLAS FIR REGION 19 
whether steam or electric) should have a small force pump, sufficient 
hose, open barrels of water, buckets, hand pumps, mattocks, shovels, 
and axes. 
(7) Steam-donkey settings to be occupied during the summer 
should be cleared of inflammable material in advance. The ground 
about each donkey engine in use should be wet down in dry weather, 
morning, noon, and evening, for a radius of 75 feet. ‘This presup- 
poses either a gravity-pressure water system to the donkey or a pump 
and adequate water storage. When there is a pressure system, set 
sprinklers are effective. 
(8) The operation should be so equipped that water in quantity 
may be quickly available under pressure on every part of the cut- 
over area to which the logging lines will be laid during the four or 
five dangerous months, and on which the slash has not been burned. 
This is to make possible the suppression of incipient fires with water 
and the putting out of lingering smokes after slash burning. This is 
an important provision where either electric or steam donkeys are 
used. Water under pressure may be obtained, according to circum- 
stances, in any one of several ways, all of which presuppose plenty 
of serviceable hose: 
A gravity system through pipes, ordinarily along 
the railroad track, with frequent taps and pressure suf- 
ficient to reach any part of the area quickly with hose. 
A pumping system sufficient to deliver water as 
above. 
» A large tank car stationed at a strategic point and 
kept full of water, and sufficient hose to reach any part 
of the area, under the presumption that there are loco- 
motive facilities to move this car as needed, proper 
trackage arrangements, and chances for quick refilling. 
A gasoline tank car equipped with pump and hose 
and carrying considerable water. 
A portable rotary pump, with hose (carried on speeder 
or auto or by hand), where there is abundant water at 
points to which the pump may be taken and from which 
all parts of the area are within reasonable hose reach. 
Any combination of these five general systems might be used. It 
should be understood that there may be exceptional operations where, 
because of topography or water supply, the above requirement can 
not be carried out to the letter. 
FIREPROOFING CUT-OVER LAND, OR INDIRECT PROTECTION 
The average cut-over area in the heart of an active operation is so 
great a fire menace that, even after slash burning, repeated fires are 
not unusual. Hence the problem that confronts those who are inter- 
ested in natural reforestation is to make these areas as safe as possible 
against fires. This might be called fireproofing cut-over land, though 
this is an exaggerated term, for it is of course impossible to make 
this land entirely proof against fire. 
There are some grounds for argument as to the relative wisdom of 
spending money for fireproofing measures (like snag ‘‘falling’’) and 
of spending money for direct protection. Neither method can be 
expected to give absolute security against property losses and fire- 
fighting bills, but up to a certain point it is definitely worth while to 
