TIMBER GROWING IN DOUGLAS FIR REGION 25 
the usual cover of underbrush form a thicket the desirable forage is 
crowded out and the surface becomes too brushy for profitable 
handling of stock. In the Douglas fir type proper that point is not 
‘reached for perhaps 10 or 15 years after slash burning. In the fog 
belt, dense brush springs up so soon after logging that there is little . 
chance for commercial grazing on land protected from fire. 
Under proper supervision grazing does not seem to be so detri- 
mental as to -make this use of the land inconsistent with timber 
production. ‘There are in fact certain marked advantages, namely, 
a small annual revenue and diminution of the fire risk as a result of 
browsing and tramping of the herbage and brush. On exceptional 
areas timber growing and grazing may be obviously incompatible 
and here grazing should not be permitted. Sowing of tame grasses 
on land which is to be held for forest production seems at this writing 
to be neither good forestry nor good business. 
A few principles in handling stock on logged-off land must be 
observed if the growing crop of trees is not to be injured: 
No grazing until at least the second season after slash 
burning. 
No overgrazing, either over the whole area or in spots. 
Scrupulous care with fire by the stockmen. 
REGIONAL COOPERATIVE SYSTEM OF FOREST PROTECTION 
THE PRESENT SYSTEM 
The present system of general forest protection in western Oregon 
and Washington is so admirable that but few changes are necessary 
to make it thoroughly effective. Amplifying and intensifying the 
present scheme, rather than changing its principles, is what is 
needed now. 
In both Oregon and Washington the law compels the owner to 
protect his forest land according to certain standards. Protection 
over a large part of both States is directed by private organizations of 
the owners of contiguous tracts. Owners who do not belong to 
associations or do not protect their lands voluntarily must pay the 
State for their share, and the work is then done by the State direct 
or by the associations on contract. State funds and a small amount of 
Federal funds (under the Clarke-McNary law) supplement the pro- 
tection made possible by. assessments contributed by or levied on 
private owners. 
Cooperation in the organization of field work between private, 
State, and Federal agencies is highly developed and leaves little to 
be desired. The physical organization and equipment are also 
excellent, and getting better every year. The lookout system, the 
communication system, the patrols, fire crews, auto equipment, and 
fire engines have all been carefully planned. An extremely effective 
system can be built on the present one, without fundamental altera- 
tions and with but small changes. 
PRESENT EXPENDITURES FOR PROTECTION 
The following statement will give an idea of the amounts now spent 
in the two States for protection and fire fighting by all agencies on 
private and State lands. The data in each case are for the whole 
State, as it is not easy to segregate the Douglas fir region from the 
