TIMBER GROWING IN DOUGLAS FIR REGION 33 
im excess of the cost of operation now incurred by the average timber 
owner or by the average efficient operator, either at his own volition 
or in compliance with law. Where an operator’s expense for one 
item may be more than the average, for another item it may be less. 
Many of these measures will repay the operator in added security 
to his timber and logging investment, but if they are measures which 
the average operator is not now taking, they have been considered 
here as chargeable to reforestation. 
CARE OF THE VIRGIN FOREST 
For protection against fire—An increased expenditure for general 
cooperative forest protection (to be spent in fire prevention, thereby 
saving on suppression cost), amounting to about 1 cent per acre for 
lands already assessed. In order to protect the virgin forest, pro- 
tection in addition should be extended to cut-over lands not now 
fully assessed or not assessed. This will likely be financed partly 
by public appropriations. 
TREATMENT OF THE FOREST DURING LOGGING 
For direct protection—(1) Fire chief (expense in addition to pres- 
ent expenditures). From 4 to 15 cents per thousand feet logged 
during the summer season, depending on the size of the operation, 
or 2 to 7 cents per thousand feet for the entire year’s cut, averaging 
31% cents. 
(2) Organization and discipline of crew. Nothing. 
(3) Firemen, watchmen, etc. Ten cents for each thousand feet 
logged during the summer season, or about 3 cents per thousand feet 
logged during the entire year. 
~ (4) Keeping in touch with weather prediction service. No ma- 
terial cost to operator. 
(5) Spark arresters. Already required, no extra cost. 
(6) Clearing around donkey settings and sprinkling about donkey 
engines. The cost is trifling and should not amount to over 0.5 
cent per thousand feet logged during the summer, or 0.25 cent per 
thousand feet of the year’s cut. 
(7) Having fire-fighting tools handy. The cost is inconsiderable. 
(8) Water system. This inevitably will vary greatly from opera- 
tion to operation, depending on chances for water, on topography, 
and on how much logging is done during the fire season. A charge 
of 2.5 cents per thousand feet of the entire year’s cut should cover 
the expense of this equipment over and above the expense necessary 
to get water for donkey operations. On some jobs this requirement 
will be less; on others, more. 
For fireproofing cut-over land.—(1) Burning slash. Now required by 
law. Careful burning and more frequent burning will probably cost 
more theoretically than the present wholesale haphazard method, 
though it may often save big expense and loss in the long run. One 
dollar per acre, or 2.5 cents per thousand feet logged should cover 
the extra attention to this work. 
(2) Closer utilization. No extra expense. In some camps atten- 
tion to this detail will mean additional profit, 5 
