; AL 
34 BULLETIN 1493, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE _ 
(3) “Falling” snags. Thecost of this will be exceedingly variable. 
Where there are few snags or where they are felled under present 
practice there will be no additional charge. For “falling” snags that 
still stand after logging and are wholly unmerchantable the cost will 
probably range from a few cents to $5 or more per acre, with an 
average of $3.25 for the Douglas fir region at large, er 8 cents a thou- 
sand feet logged. 
(4) Burning débris resulting from right-of-way clearing, etc. Usu- 
ally done as a matter of insurance, but if done thoroughly enough to 
make the rights of way serve as fire lines, it will cost extra—possibly 
on the average 2 cents for each thousand feet of the year’s cut. 
TREATMENT OF THE NEW FOREST AFTER LOGGING 
For protection against fire—Same as for the virgin forest, covered 
by the general cooperative protection scheme already estimated. 
For other considerations —No expense unless there 1s commensurate 
return. 
SUMMARY OF COSTS 
It is estimated that compliance with the essential requirements for 
continuous forest production recommended in this bulletin would cost 
on the average, over and above present customary expenditures, 
(1) 1 cent an acre for each acre of forest land for general protection 
and (2) 22 cents for each thousand feet of logs cut in the region. 
In other words, the expenditure in the cause of reforestation of 1 
cent more an acre for general protection from fire on all forest land 
than is spent now and of 22 cents more per thousand feet at the 
time of the logging operation would reduce the annual fire toll of 
about a million dollars to within reasonable bounds, would greatly 
reduce fire-fighting bills, would allow new forests to replace those 
cut, and would do away with the appalling loss in private wealth 
and public welfare occasioned by the idleness of hundreds of thou- 
sands of acres of fire-scourged stump land. 
This is not the place to discuss how well it will pay the individual 
to make this investment of 1 cent an acre and 22 cents for each 
thousand feet cut. That would involve a prediction of future stump- 
age values, interest rates, stability of ownership, taxation, and the 
like. It is for each owner to decide for himself what his business 
policy in the handling of his land should be, after studying the facts, 
learning what the returns may be and what the costs, and applying 
these data to his own property. 
SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES FOR INTENSIVE TIMBER 
GROWING 
Certain owners are not satisfied to realize only a part of the pro- 
ductivity of their lands, such as may be attained by the minimum 
measures discussed in the preceding pages, but wish to grow full 
crops of timber on their cut-over land. They are interested in what 
more intensive timber-growing measures may accomplish. Some 
private operators in the Douglas fir region are already putting ito 
effect practices that are more intensive than those described in the 
preceding pages, and as virgin stumpage becomes scarcer and second- 
growth stumpage attains a higher value, it.is inevitable that the 
