2 BULLETIN 209, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Pacific coast conditions. These questions still remain the broad 
cardinal problems, but the facilities for their solution have been much 
enlarged and a number of subordinate problems that developed in 
the prosecution of the work have been taken up as far as the means 
and facilities of the Department of Agriculture permitted. 
COOPERATIVE EXPERIMENT VINEYARDS AND THEIR NATURE. 
To afford facilities for solving these problems, the Bureau of Plant 
Industry has established 12 experiment vineyards on the Pacific 
coast. One of these is at the Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, 
Cal., and 11 are located in various other grape-growing centers in 
cooperation with growers. 
A brief description of the purpose, location, soil, and climatic con- 
ditions at or near each of these vineyards follows. (Fig. 1.) Those 
desiring correlation and mechanical analyses of the soils and fuller cli- 
matic data are referred to Bulletin 172 of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 
The soil descriptions are from data furnished by the Bureau of Soils, 
while the weather data are taken from records furnished by the San 
Francisco office of the Weather Bureau, through Prof. McAdie, and 
from observations made in the experiment vineyards. 
MAIN VINEYARDS. 
Three primary vineyards of 20 acres each are located near Oak- 
ville, near Fresno, and at Guasti, Cal. 
At the Oakville, Fresno, and Guasti experiment vineyards viticul- 
tural material introduced from foreign countries is tested. In these 
vineyards the adaptability to different localities and the value of 
grape varieties for different uses is determined ; the relative resistance 
of grape varieties to destructive insects and diseases is inquired into; 
the congeniality of grape varieties to the different resistant sorts is 
determined; and grape varieties not now grown in the Vinif era regions 
of this country are tested, with a view to the possibility of their sup- 
planting some of the varieties now grown. Experiments to determine 
how the various varieties should be propagated, grafted, pruned, 
trained, and otherwise cared for are under way. These vineyards 
offer some opportunity for the broad viticultural research and experi- 
mental work that is needed, and furnish practical object lessons in 
viticulture and facilities for solving some of the many commercial 
problems of the industry. 
OAKVILLE EXPERIMENT VINEYARD. 
The Oakville Experiment Vineyard (PI. I, fig. 1) was established in 
the spring of 1903, and is located 1 mile west of Oakville, Napa Co. ? 
Cal., on the property of the To-Kalon Vineyard Company, at an ele- 
vation of 161 feet above sea level. The soil is a dark-brown or black 
