8 BULLETIN 833, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
and immediately begin movement. The body is swayed back and 
forth with contractions of the abdomen which is still inserted within 
the gall, the latter acting as a fulcrum. In about two minutes from 
the time at which the adult is first seen to break through the gall, the 
entire body is freed from its pupal skin. The pupal skin remains 
protruding from the empty gall case, as seen in Plate II, A. With a 
convulsive motion the insect gains a foothold by thrusting out the 
legs and was observed almost immediately to travel rapidly to the 
underside of the leaf, assuming a position at right angles to the leaf 
surface. In this hanging position, which is characteristic of: the 
adult female, it remained over an hour, occasionally fluttering its 
wings. Upon being disturbed it made a very short flight and re- 
turned to the underside of the same leaf. Evidently the above- 
described position is assumed to allow for drying and inflation of the 
wings. | 
Mating.—A male was observed to fertilize a female approximately 
3 minutes after the emergence of the latter, the entire operation 
taking 10 seconds. One male was observed to fertilize three females 
in rapid succession. 
TaBLE I.—Longevity of adults and date of oviposition. 
Number. | Adults died. 
Cage.| Adult emerged. Oviposition. | | of tee 
Male. ee Male. Female. | 
1917 | Days. 
1} Apr2s as mete 4 0 TNE. eS Sele... eee Gast Apo; Aims. . 22 3 
94 || EN Oes Go Bo WN Ss oe ag| 0 Das See (Cea ree RG es cee iwee ee eee NTO re eh Gly Hills see ae 3 
SUIPALpEAONa eM espa 3 Osea GOnse Seen ISP OS Din: facies eee ee nee 3 
PNY 0) Bf eee ya OH ry Wane | eens Meee nee toy et Se | 1 
Aa PAT LO vai esis = 2 DUN oes WO sees sn Apr 0pm. 5 2 eae | 3 
he SIE CSAP ei Apr. ll,a m...-.- 1 
Bieese doses eee ae ss 2 DaPNOness- =. onee Apr 10) pominss oc} 25 ese eee | 4 
et a ae ant ee Apri sane 12 
Ga PApre dil essere 0 Me eeerss GOs zo foe eee cree eens ae ee eee Apr I3spyimiee see 1 23 
7 |-Apr. 12, a.m...... 0 Die CCS Aeee ME eese SEM Abr eine Me (a ct dO 5-435 e- ees 14 
oS ass SE DASE Apr.:14; a. nbsss22 2 
8) |vAprei3 a.m 3 iW soe sees cece Apr. 3 3p sm ., 2). |e c see eee 4 
saint et PRA EN Apr. 14,,a. m.2t2 Lt 1] 
Apr.-14 sa. ce ae. Ses ee 1} 
8 soe dorks: we res 1 Dees dow JSS Apr. 13; pmi. S46) h. isd eee ee 4 
nbnocoocbossséeconeT Apr. 14, a. m.....- 14 
NOE eee dose Saseeeecss 0 1} Nome: c224 it oe See sare sae Apr 1i7;a.mms 4... 14 
SUE Livers, TW, Be eto weooe 0 ie gece GO’ 2c 35. |Cactieweeeeee ce ciisec Apr: 205 date 3 
1918. 
IPA UTE BE CP Tee a eee 0 2 hehe GOP se cicarete elle coats aaleteletslatetatctete Feb. 1:.a..ms we: i 
IBM Nogece GOL ese es 0 2: i Samy Bis cee Ske ere oe hcyere Heb: 2,14. Mesn0-5- 2 
4a es GOR eee ee 0 he GOs. 354s Re Sot ee Oe ee Heb: ly amt 1 
Gy || s8o- COE ese 1 Dei pee GOs WOSt. gee seer Kebn2vasmes sae Z 
GE eheD. las Meee ee 0 2°: Reb. Dos cers aE ee eee a aareee |aeete OLE Sebi e2t i 
ialshep i aomse es 0 2))\:\ Heb. iS. ee | ee ee ee Hebels sia. ise. see 2 
LSn Meine 4s ase ee 1 Orbits. ee oe Mar 15) arm7 2 ia See oe ame aoe 1 
19M Saly1O ya. mM oe 0 1. July 10:2 2..2A4|os eee ees eo Sul yg os ee ee 1 
PLY i Aneny IG Bin teil cee 1 te eee te July 7p. le chime. Sen eae ceria 4 
ES eT Sor oe Ne July TS acumen = 1 
2ialeohyelea. me ey 0 lees te SSL EAS FL eee July 20, atm tes 2 
22) | lity Oa. Me eee 1 Ut BE eee eee July 20; ‘as ss ean eee 1 
P| P(E I Ely Dir rm ie 2 QO). (Ss esseee ee tee AVE. SSA HTM: Sot ete cae cites Sao 1 
245| PAN oy 3 ae ee 0 I UA gS oe so ing Soe ee AU P48. Als: Se 4 
De WANTON eer ern eae ee 0 I) AUG. oocch on |Sh. aes eee Aug. 6, a.m... .2- 1 
263) Septac ya. esee oe ib} UE Reece seen Ger Soepti:25 p. mos ase ae ces comet 3 
1 Female not fertilized and did not deposit eggs. 
