HIGHWAY COST KEEPING. 41 
Repairing. — Shall include all acts of returning to a sound state any road part where 
the work done is not extensive enough to be classified as reconstruction. 
Riveting. — Shall include the uniting of two or more pieces with rivets and the heading 
of the rivets. 
Rolling. — Shall include all compressing of roadway or surface material with a hand, 
horse, or power roller. 
Scarifying. — Shall include the loosening or stirring up of the surface or the breaking 
of a bond of the road. This is almost synonymous with loosening. 
Screening. — Shall include the removal of all undesirable particles from any material 
by passing it through or over a screen, or both. 
Shaping. — Shall include all processes of bringing road parts as subgrade, shoulders and 
courses to a regular form of section. 
Spreading. — Shall include the scattering or distributing of any materials over a large 
surface in order to form a coating or layer of uniform depth. 
Sprinkling. — Shall include the distribution of water, in a fine coat over a surface. 
Stripping. — Shall include all removing or taking off the cover or burden from gravel 
pits or quarries. 
Trimming. — Shall include the cutting off of small quantities of excavation to make 
the roadway or roadside conform to a regular outline or section. 
Washing. — Shall include the removal of any undesirable matter from a material by 
use of water. 
Washing and screening. — Shall include, in addition to washing, the processes ex- 
plained under screening. 
Wasting material. — Shall include all depositing on a dump or spoil bank of excavated 
materials that can not be used in embankment. 
Waterproofing. — Shall include all protecting from water of concrete walls, etc., by 
the use of bituminous or any other material. 
Working on joints. — Shall include all the labor made necessary by the introduction 
of expansion or contraction joints, natural or artificial, and also the openings between 
regular sets, as the joints in a brick roadway. 
Wrecking. — Shall include the tearing down or destroying of any structures. 
