FIELD AND CROP LABOR ON GEORGIA FARMS 9 
same as for bedding. Rebedding is done to cover fertilizer, to stir 
the soil still further, or throw up a larger bed. (See Table 7.) A 
bed is sometimes made by throwing two or more furrows together 
with a turnplow and then using a middle burster or scooter to break 
the middles. As the middle burster goes only once to the row, it 
does a more thorough job. (See Table 8.) 
On some farms with heavy soil it is a common practice to harrow 
beds, to break up the lumps and make a finer seed bed. This opera- 
tion is not very usual in this area as most of the soils are light and 
sandy. Two beds may be harrowed at one time by the use of a 
two-section harrow. Beds are sometimes smoothed by the use of 
a hand rake. (See Table 9.) 
Fig. 4. — When preparing land for oats, wheat, or rye, a disk harrow is used in preference to a spike-tooth 
harrow 
Opening rows is done before fertilizer is applied. This operation 
is not always performed, however, as fertilizer is sometimes put down 
in the row and then bedded on. A shovel plow, scooter, or middle 
burster run once to the row is all the work required for opening rows. 
(See Table 10.) 
Barnyard manure is hauled to the field, is usually thrown in piles, 
and is later spread by hand. The crew performances at this operation 
depend upon the length of haul from barn or lot to the field. Table 1 1 
gives the tons hauled per day by different crews irrespective of distance. 
Commercial fertilizer is applied at different times either by hand 
with or without a horn, or with a distributor. (Fig. 5.) When 
applied (Table 12) before planting, it is bedded on or put in ah open 
row in the bed. When applied after planting a side application is 
made. Fertilizer applied in open rows on the bed is covered before 
planting by throwing one or two furrows over it with a shovel culti- 
vator. (See Table 13.) 
13979°— 25f 2 
