18 
BULLETIX 1113, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
able moisture conditions, and a large percentage of these cuttings 
took root and made good growth. In northern Montana an early 
frost occurring in August caused some damage. During the winter 
of 1916-17 nearly all the trees were injured by freezing to some 
extent, but none as severely as the willow and poplar. 
Details of the 1917 shipments, which totaled 357,700. are also given 
in Table 3. White elm was used for the first time this year and, 
although the summer was very dry. made an excellent growth. The 
Norway and Carolina poplars proved so unsatisfactory in both 1916 
and 1917 that their use was discontinued. Cuttings of both willow 
and poplar were almost a complete failure under the dry conditions 
that prevailed, and the further use of cuttings for demonstration 
plantings was discontinued. 
Table 3. — Number of trees of each species or kind of stock shipped to co- 
operators in each State in 1916 and 1917. 
Species or kiud of stock. 
Season and State, -willow 
(cut- 
; tings). 
Willow 
(rooted). 
Poplar 
(cut- 
tings). 
Poplar 
(rooted). 
Box 
elder. 
Green 
ash. 
Cara- 
gana. 
White 
elm. 
Total. 
Season of 1916: . 
Montana 126,506 
10,283 
4,139 
1.233 
'294 
120.983 
2s. 279 
26,580 
9 243 
15,291 
5,-562 
1,157 
2,073 
140. 550 
37. 159 
25.519 
10,185 
3,964 
12,969 
100 
33.977 
13,287 
5,626 
3,332 
North Dakota . . 30, 408 
131.803 
South Dakota . . 23, 708 
83,923 
Wyoming , I 9 504 
34,631 
Total 1 190,126 I 15,949 185,085 
24, 083 
213,413 
17.033 
56,222 
701,911 
Season of 1917: 
Montana 1 6,211 65,002 
North Dakota . . 2.512 20,507 
South Dakota. J 638 8. 7a3 
16,114 
4,244 
2, 044 
39.798 
14,995 
6.771 
69,600 
30, 473 
9.338 
2,163 
922 
283 
505 
27,982 
10,906 
4,154 
629 
226,870 
84,559 
31,931 
Wyoming 
4.379 
2,748 
3.667 2.412 
14,340 
Total 9,361 98,591 25,150 
65,231 111,823 3,873 
43,671 
357,700 
Figure 9 shows one of the 1916 plantings, made near Fowler. Mont., 
that is becoming an effective unit in the development of a farm home 
on the Plains. 
Figure 10 is reproduced from a photograph taken in 1921 of one 
of the 1917 plantings at Dupree. S. Dak. The trees have had clean 
cultivation and made good growth. After one or two more seasons' 
growth the trees will meet between the rows and cultivation cease. 
Figure 11 shows one of the plantings made in 1918 in western Xorth 
Dakota that was abandoned to weeds after two years of cultivation. 
Trees on upland in this section can not compete with perennial grasses 
and annual weeds. 
Shipments in 1918 totaled only 142.302. The number of each spe- 
cies sent to each State is shown in Table 4. The marked reduction 
in the amount of planting stock sent out was due to the severe 
drought of 1917. which caused great loss to the trees grown at the 
station nursery. 
