PRODUCING MILK IN WESTERN WASHINGTON. 
Table 1. — Units required, except cost of management, for producing 100 pounds 
of milk in winter and in summer — Continued. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Two 
Winters. 
Summer. 
Two 
1917-18 
1919-20 
1917-18 
1919 
summers. 
Labor: 
Human hours . . 
Horse do 
2.0 
.01 
1.8 
.01 
1.9 
.01 
1.3 
.01 
1.3 
.02 
1.3 
.015 
Other costs: 
$0,124 
.088 
.043 
.118 
.078 
$0. 130 
.088 
.034 
.108 
.074 
$0,127 
.088 
.038 
.113 
.076 
$0,085 
.060 
.029 
.080 
.042 
$0,092 
.062 
.024 
.076 
.042 
.001 
.062 
$0 088 
Equipment charges and dairy supplies 
Herd charges: Taxes, insurance, veteri- 
narj% medicines, disinfectants, and 
cow-testing associations 
.061 
.026 
.078 
Cost of keeping bull 
.042 
Motor-truck charge 
Cash hauling of milk 
.066 
.065 
.062 
.067 
.061 
Total other costs, except deprecia- 
tion on cows 
.517 
.144 
.499 
.007 
.504 
.072 
.363 
.098 
.359 
.005 
.356 
Depreciation on cows 
.050 
Total other costs 
$0,661 
$0 506 
$0,576 
$0,461 
$0,364 
$0. 406 
It will be noted in Table 1 that for producing 100 pounds of milk 
in the first winter there were required 26.9 pounds of grain, while 
during the second winter 31.7 pounds were required, an increase of 
4.8 pounds. For dry roughage there is a decrease of 3 pounds, and 
for succulent roughage a decrease of 25.7 pounds per 100 pounds of 
milk. This increase in grain and decrease in dry and succulent 
roughages can be accounted for by the fact that two of the herds that 
were sold out the first year consumed very little grain but a large 
quantity of roughage. 
Since the pastures were of a very excellent quality summer feeding 
of grain was not followed extensively. Some of the best-producing 
herds received no grain throughout the summer, which accounts for 
the low average of 5.2 pounds of grain per 100 pounds of milk during 
the summer seasons. 
While there was a slight advance in prices for both hauling and 
grinding concentrates during the second year, the increase for these 
charges per 100 pounds of milk from 16 cents to 28 cents in the winter 
and from two-tenths of a cent to four-tenths of a cent in the summer 
of the first and second years, respectively, is due primarily to the in- 
crease in the quantity of feeds ground rather than to the advanced 
rate of hauling and grinding. 
The work of collecting milk through this section is thoroughly or- 
ganized. The milk, shipped in 10-gallon cans, is collected once daily 
by motor truck. On the return trip the truck brings back the empty 
cans, which makes it unnecessary to have two sets of cans. As the 
roads are very good it is not uncommon, in the season of greatest pro- 
duction, for a motor truck and trailer to haul 100 cans. The efficiency 
