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THE HORSE-RADISH FLEA-BEETLE. UE 
The species passes the winter in? hibernation as a beetle, coming - 
forth in its northern range in April and May. 
While as yet destructive only to horse-radish, its capabilities of be- 
coming a pernicious pest, should it adapt itself to the economically 
more important cruciferous crops, must be acknowledged, and meas- 
ures should be taken for its suppression wherever possible. 
No systematic control program has been adopted as yet. Bordeaux 
mixture, a powerful repellent against flea-beetles, applied on the first 
appearance of the insect will prevent much injury, and if arsenate of 
lead is used later it should hold the insect in check. 
When a new bed is to be planted a location should be chosen as 
far removed as possible from any infested bed. “It is advisable also 
to destroy-all volunteer plants, not only to keep the insect in check 
but in some cases to suppress it as a weed. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
GE) KOCH we Da NV: 
1803. Entomologische Hefte, v. 2, p. 75. Frankfort am Main. (See 
Hoffman, J. J.. In Hagen’s Bibl. Ent., p. 374.) 
Original description as Haltica armoraciae from Cochlearia armoracia, with 
illustration by Sturm. 
(2) WEISE, JULIUS. 
1893. Chrysomelidae. Jn Erichson’s Naturw. Insecten Deutsch., v. 6, 
| p. 865, 866. 
| Systematic and biologic notes of Phyl. armoraciae,-with description and sys- 
| tematic bibliography. 
(3) CHITTENDEN, F. H. 
1895. The horse-radish flea-beetle. Jn Insect Life, v. 7, no. 5, p. 404-406, 
fi figs July, 1895. 
Two-page article recording first appearance of this European insect in America— 
in Illinois and Iowa. 
(4) 
1897. Notes on certain species of Coleoptera that attack useful plants. 
In-U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bul. 9, n. s., p. 20-25. 
Note of occurrence in Wisconsin and of probable increase in range. 
(oe VVOLCOTIT sAx Bs. 
Coleoptera of Central Illinois, No. III. im Ent. News, v. 11, no. 5, 
p. 468-470. 
Mention of capture on horse-radish at Bloomington, I11. 
€G) =DAVIS. die a 
1910. Insect notes from Illinois for 1909. In Jour. Econ. Ent., v. 3, 
no. 2, p. 180-187. 
Mention as being injurious to horse-radish in Illinois. 
(7) BuatcHtiry, W. S. 
1910. On the Coleoptra Known to Occur in Indiana. 1,386 p., 590 figs. 
Description and record of occurrence near Pine, Lake County, Ind. 
