6 BULLETIN 458, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
saw shaft is recommended. By this arrangement any change in the 
speed of the saw shaft does not affect the speed of the brush. 
Other things being equal, it is impossible to lay too much stress — 
on the condition of the roll in the ginning of long-staple cotton. It 
is impossible for the saws to pass through a hard roll without cutting 
or nepping the fiber. What is known as a slack or soft roll should be 
used for ginning long-staple cotton. This roll should be run just 
hard enough to prevent breaking, and the feed should. be adjusted 
so as to keep it as nearly as possible of the same consistency through- 
out its entire length. , 
The huller breast is recommended in preference to the single-rib 
type for ginning long-staple cotton. The chief reason for recom- 
mending this type is that a more uniform roll can be made, and each 
lock of seed cotton is more thoroughly loosened before it reaches the 
gin roll. The huller breast also takes out the large trash. 
The gins of the valley are all practically new and can be made 
to do excellent work if the ginne? understands his machinery and is 
willing to make the effort to turn out cotton that is considered “ well 
handled.” . 
After impressing upon the local ginners the importance of ginning 
Durango smoothly, it was found that several of them were willing 
to make the necessary adjustments on their machines with a view 
to turning out first-class work, which they realized would bring to 
them a volume of trade which would more than reimburse them for 
the extra care taken and the reduced output. The results obtained so 
far have been very satisfactory to the grower of Durango as well as 
the ginner, as both have profited through the results of good ginning. 
NECESSITY FOR GOOD BALING AND ADEQUATE COVERING. 
The cotton, as it passes from the saws of the gin through the i 
condenser, should come out in smooth and even layers; and if it is 
conveyed to the press box by air blast, the ginner should see that the 
cotton is not roped by the suction of the air, which sometimes twists 
it into short lengths roughly resembling cotton rope. Roughly 
handled or poorly condensed cotton that has been subjected to further 
impairment by roping, or twisting, will not press into the bale evenly 
and will be detected when the cotton is sampled, which will reduce its 
value materially when it is marketed. The mills that make fine yarns 
will not buy such cotton except at a considerable discount from the 
price usually paid for well-handled cotton.of the same grade, since 
the latter produces less waste and gives less trouble in manufactur- 
ing processes. For this reason, if the cotton is condensed smoothly 
and evenly and is carefully conveyed to the press box and packed 
