MILLING AND BAKING TESTS OF WHEAT. 
23 
screenings are not an entire loss to the miller, since he can often sell 
them at a fair price for chicken or stock feeding. Corn-cockle screen- 
ings are sometimes discriminated against, since it is known that corn- 
cockle seed contains a poisonous substance known as saponin, or 
sapotoxin, which is said to have caused trouble in instances where 
screenings containing a considerable quantity of cockle have been 
fed to chickens and other animals. Feeding tests have been made 
by different experimenters with varying results. Some found that 
young animals were more susceptible and more seriously affected 
than mature ones, while other experimenters fed varying amounts 
of corn-cockle seed to different kinds of animals with no apparent 
symptoms of poisoning. Further experimentation along this line is 
necessary before any definite conclusions can be drawn concerning 
the amount of corn-cockle seed that may be fed to different classes 
of animals before ill effects are produced. 
Table XI.- — Mechanical analyses of samples of corn-cockle screenings. 
Constituents (per cent). 
Foreign matter. 
y 
Other grains. 
Weed seeds, etc. 
o 
Labora- 
tory No. 
,o 
+j 
^^A 
o 
£? 
CO 
1 
1 
a 
-d 
a5 
o 
o 
w 
03 
M 
8 
-3 
o 
o 
03 
£ 
c3 
ffl 
a 
5 
"el 
O 
-d 
-d 
s 
1 
5 
2 
s 
o 
1 
c3 
O 
66634... 
.5 
.5 
IT. 
IT. 
.5 
2.5 
1.0 

2.0 
2.0 


15.0 
24.0 
76.0 
73590. . . 
IT. 
.4 
IT. 

IT. 
20.0 
1.2 
2.4 
1.6 
.8 


20.4 
46.8 
53.2 
73719. . . 
.4 
.4 
'T. 
1 T. 
1.0 
1.0 
.3 
.4 
1.0 
.6 


1.3 
6.4 
93.6 
80994... 


.2 







1.2 
2.6 
11.5 
15.5 
84.5 
1 T.=trace, the amount found being less than 0.1 per cent. 
SUMMARY. 
Wheat as grown and as marketed frequently contains certain im- 
purities such as rye, kinghead (great ragweed seed), corn-cockle seed, 
and wild-vetch seed. 
Grain men and millers consider these impurities as inseparable, as 
they are not easily removed from wheat with the cleaning ma- 
chinery in general use in grain elevators and flour mills. It is claimed 
that the presence of these so-called inseparable impurities in wheat 
as milled injuriously affects the baking qualities of the flour. For 
this reason wheat containing an appreciable amount of any of these 
impurities is penalized either by lowering the grade or by reducing 
the price. 
