30 
BULLKTIX 1206, U. s. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
DOORWAY BRACING. 
When cars are loaded solid -that is, without center bracing — it 
is advisable to use boards between the packages and the doors of the 
ear. Refrigerator cars have sw r ing doors, which make unnecessary 
any door bracing, but in ventilator or other cars having sliding doors, 
hoards 1 by 6 inches should be placed across the inside of each door- 
way, one board for each layer of packages. Tins helps to prevent 
shifting of the load and damage to the containers when the door is 
opened for inspection or unloading. (See fig. 16.) 
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Fig. 15.— Gate for center bracing. Two gates are used, which are placed against the end of the load 
and held in place by braces. 
FALSE FLOORS. 
In winter the possibility of damage from cold is reduced by using 
slatted false floors or floor racks; in warm weather free circulation 
of air is facilitated; and at all times protection is afforded from any 
acids or oils which may be on the car floor. Many refrigerator cars 
are permanently equipped with false floors, some of them hinged to the 
car walls so that tney may be raised when the car is cleaned. 
Ventilated box cars are not so equipped, and shippers have to 
provide false floors at their own expense. A false floor may 
be constructed by using 8 pieces of 2 by 4, each 11 feet long, and 42 
pieces of 1 by 4, each 8 feet long. The 2 by 4 pieces should be used 
as stringers, 4 pieces in each end extending from the ends of the car 
to the doorway. The 1 by 4 pieces should be nailed across the 
Btringers, extending from side to side of the car, and spaced 2 inches 
apart. The material specified is sufficient to construct the floor to the 
