MARKETING LETTUCE 21 
Two forms of bills of lading are used, the " straight " or a open " 
form and the " order " or " order-notify " form. The straight or 
open form is the one prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Com- 
mission as the standard bill of lading for universal use. The order 
bill of lading, by inference or usage, is considered also as a legally 
authorized document, as its conditions are almost precisely the 
same as the other, the only difference being that it contains a pro- 
vision making it necessary for the original bill of lading issued 
by the' carrier to be surrendered before delivery or diversion of 
the car may be accomplished. 
This provision restricts the use of the order-notify bill mostly 
to cases where direct sale is made. Its advantage in such cases 
is that it is generally recognized as negotiable paper when accom- 
panied by draft and placed in bank, and it enables the shipper 
to procure prompt availability of the amount involved, as he may 
obtain the money from the bank at the time of making the draft. 
The straight or open bill of lading is more generally used for 
the reason that it lends itself to the freer and quicker handling 
of shipments in cases where diversion or change in consignee may 
be required. The shipper may consign his shipments to himself, 
thus insuring that the delivery will not be made by the carrier at 
destination except to him or to his order. Such order may be 
made either by telegraph or letter. 
If diversion or delivery to a specified consignee is desired, the 
shipper need only present his copy of the bill of lading as evidence 
of ownership to the agent of the carrier company at point of 
origin and give him necessary instructions. In cases where ship- 
ments are not paid for, draft may be attached to the order and 
the consignee instructed to take up the draft in the bank and pro- 
cure the delivery order; or, if other arrangements for payment 
have been made, delivery may be effected on telegram or letter 
from shipper or his agent. 
ROUTING CARS 
For purposes of economy and to facilitate the handling of ship- 
ments at destination, buyers frequently instruct shippers to route 
cars over stipulated railroad lines. Failure to observe these in- 
structions may result in substantial loss to both the shipper and 
the receiver. In some cities shipments of produce can not be handled 
conveniently unless they are received over a certain railroad. In 
Pittsburgh, for example, the produce yards are located on the 
Pennsylvania tracks and the handling of shipments received over 
any other line is accompanied with some difficulty. It is especially 
important, therefore, for the shipper to follow the buyer's instruc- 
tions regarding the delivery line. Failure to do so is considered 
a valid reason for rejecting a shipment. 
In the absence of instructions the shipper should route the car 
by the most direct line and in such a manner that delivery will 
be made by a railroad that has yards convenient to the produce 
district. Circuitous routing and unnecessary transfers between con- 
necting lines should be avoided. 
