12 BULLETIX 1124, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
White shorts or white ndddlings. — White shorts or white middlings 
consists of a small portion of the fine bran particles and of the germ 
and of a large portion of the fibrous offal obtained from the " tail of 
the mill." This product must be obtained in the usual process of flour 
milling. 
Red dog four. — Red dog flour consists of a mixture of low-grade 
flour, fine particles of bran, and the fibrous offal from the " tail of 
the mill." 
Wheat mixed feed. — Wheat mixed feed (mill-run wheat bran) con- 
sists of pure wheat bran and the gray or total shorts or flour mid- 
dlings combined in the proportions obtained in the usual process of 
commercial milling. 
Wheat bran and standard middlings. — Wheat bran and standard 
middlings consists of the two commodities as defined above, mixed 
in the proportions obtained in the usual process of commercial 
milling. 
Screenings. — Screenings consists of the smaller imperfect grains, 
weed seeds, and other foreign materials, having feeding value, sepa- 
rated in cleaning the grain. 
Scourings. — Semirings consists of such portions of the cuticle, 
brush, white caps, dust, smut, and such other materials as are sepa- 
rated from the grain in the usual commercial process of scouring. 
Note. — If to any of the wheat by-products feeds there are added screenings 
or scourings, as defined, either ground or unground, bolted or unbolted, such 
brand shall be so registered, labeled, and sold as clearly to indicate this fact. 
The words " screenings " or " scourings." as the case may be, shall appear as 
a part of the name or brand and shall be printed in type of the same size and 
face as the remainder of the brand name. When the word " screenings " 
appears it is not necessary to show also on the labeling the word " scourings." 
As no definitions have been adopted for feeds, such as wheat chops 
and recleaned wheat screenings, samples should always be requested 
at time of purchase to avoid any controversies at time of delivery. 
To avoid disputes, care should be exercised not to overstate or 
misrepresent qualities. When the demand is poor because of ex- 
cellent pasturage conditions, or excessive supplies, salesmen often 
ascribe qualities to the feeds they offer which they may or may not 
possess. Frequently fancy names are used to describe straight feeds 
which should not be necessary if all feeds of the same kind were 
alike. 
When trying to sell coarse spring bran, for instance, it is often 
termed " flakey," and the salesman does not ordinarily hesitate to 
designate his offerings as the product of one of the larger or better 
mills. The chances are that what he really has to sell is the coarse 
spring bran which his firm is able to obtain at the lowest possible 
price. Other wheat feeds are offered under descriptive terms which 
have no conventional meaning. The only meaning they may have 
is such as the sellers may or may not intend them to convey. Dis- 
appointment on the part of the buyer in not receiving the quality he 
expected to get usually follows and. particularly during the times 
of rapid declines in the market, is the chief cause of many refusals 
to accept. Such disappointment often leads to the loss of trade. 
