26 
BULLETIN 1454, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
advantage over the western range man. (Table 12.) With farm- 
grown winter feed close at hand it should be possible for him to have 
his breeding herd in good shape when it comes out of the winter. 
By careful handling under the small-fenced-pasture conditions that 
exist here the calf crop should be kept well above 80 per cent. 
Table 13. — Kind and average quantity of winter feeds consumed and acres of 
pasture grazed annually per head by cows on a few farms in Chase County, Kans., 
in 1922 and 1923 
Calf 
crop 
Cost of 
winter 
feed 
Kinds and quantities of winter feed 
Year and 
ranch No. 
Grain 
Alfalfa 
Cane 
hay 
Other 
hay 
Straw 
Corn 
fodder 
Kafir 
fodder 
Sor- 
ghum 
and 
kaflr 
silage 
Pasture 
per cow 
1922: i 
46 
Per cent 
80.0 
80.5 
84.0 
91.6 
83.0 
86.1 
83.4 
94.7 
64.4 
87.9 
Dollars 
10.46 
7.57 
8.24 
6.11 
11.54 
13.39 
8.43 
13.58 
8.44 
10.48 
Pounds 
72 
32" 
141 
43 
5 
173 
143 
50 
Pounds 
468 
501 
776 
818 
731 
971 
822 
1,378 
802 
1,292 
Pounds 
Pounds 
Pounds 
Pounds 
710 
Pounds 
250 
1,500 
140 
149 
Pounds 
3,175 
1,467 
2,267 
2,368 
1,447 
695 
"l~768" 
Acres 
6.4 
47 
876 
703 
721 
4.8 
48 
49 
1923: 2 
46 
100 
""§49" 
414 
720 
1,777 
5.0 
7.3 
7.1 
47 
177 
655 
245 
171 
138 
108 
65 
187 
4.2 
48 
49 
50 
51 
568 
"I,"6i7" 
300 
626 
139 
1,665 
382 
1,154 
51 
14 
5.8 
5.5 
5.5 
8.3 
i The winter of 1921-22 and the summer of 1922. 2 The winter of 1922-23 and the summer of 1923. 
A surplus of roughage suitable for winter feed will exist in Chase 
County under a grazing system which uses the pastures entirely 
for carrying steers. It would seem, with the supply of feeding 
stuffs here and in the face of gradually increasing costs attached 
to the range production of cattle farther west, that a portion of the 
pastures of the Flint Hills section might well carry enough breeding 
cows to use up the roughage produced on the tillable land. (Table 
13.) For the major portion of the pasture in this section, however, 
steers will continue to be used as the means of marketing grass. 
