SMALL GRAINS ON ARLINGTON EXPERIMENT FARM 23 
The Culberson oat, which matures about five days earlier than the 
Winter Turf, has produced consistently good yields except in the years 
when all varieties failed. Other than its earlier maturity it appears 
to have little to recommend it over Winter Turf. It produces a good 
quality of grain, which is usually white, although some strains are 
brown or black. Dwarf Culberson, a pure-line selection made by 
Prof. C. A. Mooers at the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion, grows about 10 inches shorter than Culberson and ripens at 
least three days earlier. , The quality of the grain is better, but its 
average yield is considerably below that of Culberson (Table 16). 
The earliest fall-sown oat grown during the period, 1916-1923, 
inclusive, is Fulghum. which matures two weeks earlier than Winter 
Turf. Fulghum is a broad-leaved type which makes a heavy vege- 
tative growth in the fall and for this reason is likely to winterkill 
in years of low temperatures. The grain is plump, reddish brown in 
color, and of good quality. The plants are several inches shorter 
than those of Culberson or Winter Turf at maturity and are not so 
likely to lodge. In favorable seasons Fulghum has produced high 
} x ields, but its 7-year average is poor. Aurora, an early yellow pure- 
line variety selected at the Arlington Experiment Farm, matures 
with Dwarf Culberson and has yielded slightly better than Fulghum. 
The kernels are very plump, the 7-year average bushel weight being 
34.9 pounds. Aurora has strong, stiff straw, but has been especially 
susceptible to smut. 
Table 16. — Average agronomic data recorded for seven varieties or strains of fall- 
sown oats grown at the Arlington Experiment Farm during the 8-year period, 
1916-1923, inclusive 
Variety 
C.I. 
No. 
Date of— 
Height 
Acre yields 
Bushel 
weight 
1 
Heading Maturity 
Grain 
Straw 
Winter Turf 
431 
Inches 
Mav 31 June 27 42 
Bush. 
54.2 
62.5 
61.9 
53.7 
47.5 
47.4 
48.2 
Pounds Pounds 
2,676 \ 33.5 
Winter Turf selection.. . . ... 
435-4 June 1 ...do 42 
541-4 L-.do do 43 
273 ' May 23 June 22 42 
748 ' May 22 June 19 33 
708 ; May 17 June 12 39 
831 i Mav 22 June 19 
2,894 j 31.6 
Do 
3, 176 | 31. 5 
Culberson 
2,688 32.3 
2, 007 33. 2 
Fulghum . .. 
2,266 
2,178 
32.6 
Aurora 
34.9 
Various strains of Bicknell and Red Rustproof have been grown in 
the varietal experiments at different times. The yields for the 8-year 
period, 1911-1918, inclusive, show that Bicknell averaged 37.6 bushels 
and Red Rustproof selection (C. I. No. 518-3) 43.3 bushels, as com- 
pared with 47.7 bushels for Winter Turf (C. I. No. 431) and 44.1 
bushels for Culberson in the same period. 
WINTER BARLEY 
The best variety of fall-sown barley has produced acre yields 
slightly more than those of oats but considerably below those of rye, 
wheat, or spelt. Winterkilling or winter injury, as in oats, is often 
a limiting factor in determining the yield, poor yields usually follow- 
ing winters with low temperatures. Covered smut ( Ustilago Jiordei) 
and loose smut ( U. nuda) are common at the Arlington Experiment 
Farm, and when the barlev seed is untreated the loss often runs as- 
